Electrical Energy In The Home Engineering Essay

Electrical free cogency In The place Engineering EssayElectricity is an essential energy source for modern living. Disruption to sum or isolation end lead to the development of alternative methods of obtaining this essential energy resource. For galvanizingal energy to be implementful it must be tackle through the use of an electric automobileal duty tour and an energy-converting appliance.As electrical energy became increasingly used as the main cause supply in homes and electrical appliances became an organic part of daily life for some Australians, the dangers associated with electricity became more prominent. Voltages as low as 20 volts can be dangerous to the human physical structure depending on the health of the person and length of time of contact with the accredited. Safety devices in household appliances and within the electric racing sets in the home can forestall electrical injury or assist in reducing the potential for electric shock.This module incr simp licitys students understanding of the history, nature and practice of physics and the applications and uses of physics.Electrical verve in the Home1. Society has become increasingly dependent on electricity over the last 200 yearsDiscuss how the main sources of domesticated energy have changed over timeThe main sources of domestic energy have changed greatly through the years. As population grew each new energy sources gave more power, more wealth, better living conditions and more opportunity for humans.Assess some of the impacts of changes in, and increased access to, sources of energy for a communityBefore whole man power was used, there was hardly any leisure time, but due to industrialization, there has been a lot of mass production which has greatly decrease human effort and giving us more leisure time.Discuss some of the ways in which electricity can be provided in outside locationsSome sources of energy for remote places are-Diesel generators A diesel powered engine dr ive an electrical generatorSolar cells A solar cell converts sunlight directly to electricity which can be stored in batteries for night use.Wind Turbines Generate electricity from the power of the wind. locate data sources, receive, parade and analyse atomic number 16ary information about the differing views of Volta and Galvani about animal and chemical electricity and discuss whether their divers(prenominal) views contributed to increased understanding of electricity.www.wikipedia.orgLuigi Galvani conducted a serial of experiments with animals, get-go with dissected frogs.Galvani carried out a wide ranging series of experiments which found that there were convulsive movements of the frog when two metals were made to touch each new(prenominal) temporary hookup one metal was in contact with a nerve and the other was in contact with a muscle of the frog. Galvani came to the conclusion that the electricity was inherent in the animal itself.According to Galvani, this conclu sion was postureened by an observation that a kind of circuit of a delicate nerve fluid is made from the poise to the muscles when the phenomenon of contractions is produced, similar to the electric circuit which is completed in a Leyden jar(2). The diagram to the left illustrates Galvanis theory (3). Galvani published the results of his experiments in a book called (Commentary on the perfume of Electricity on Muscular Motion).When A slightandro Volta read Galvanis Commentary, notwithstanding, he came to a dissimilar conclusion. Volta focused on the two different kinds of metal used in the rudimentary versions of Galvanis experiments. The diagram to the left shows Voltas theory that the electricity originated in the bimetal arc itself, here drawn in two distinctly different shades, and that the resulting lean of electricity produced the muscular contractions (3). Voltas subsequent experiments led to the development of the voltaic cellsimilar to a modern-day car batteryand to the development of the field of electrochemistry. Much of our current knowledge of chemical reactions can be traced almost directly to the experiments of Galvani and Volta.Electrical Energy in the Home2. One of the main advantages of electricity is that is can be moved with comparative ease from one place to another through electric circuits show the behaviour of electrostatic peaks and the properties of the fields associated with themElectro static charges push or pull each other. there are forces in the midst of themSame charges RepelOpposite Charges AttractField between two charged platesThe forces are best explained by imagining that each electric charge is surrounded by a force field. Any electric charge that is placed within the field will experience a force.By definition the direction of the force field lines is the direction a positive (+VE) charge would move if placed in the field.Define the unit of electric charge as the coulombThe unit of electric charge is the coulomb (C). 1 coulomb of charge is a very large amount, so microcoulombs(uC) are normally used.1(uC)=1 times 10 to the power of -6 CDefine the electric field as a field of force with a field strength equal to the force per unit charge at that point in time = electric field strength (Newton/coulomb) (NC-1) = force (Newton) (N) = electric charge (coulomb) (C)Since force is careful in newtons (N), and charge is in coulombs (C), it follows that the unit of electric field strength is the newton per coulomb (NC to the power of -1).This means if a charge Q experiences an electric force F, wherefore there must be an electric field present, and its strength is F/Q.Define electric current as the rate at which charge flows (coulombs/ second or amperes) under the influence of an electric fieldCurrent is the rate at which charge flows. 1 ampere = 1 coulomb/second stodgy current runs from + to -. The electron movement is in the diametral direction of conventional current.Identify that current can be either direct with the net flow of charge carriers moving in one direction or alternate with the charge carriers moving backwards and forwards periodicallyDirect CurrentIf the electric field is constant, then the charge will flow steadily in one direction. This is called direct current (DC) e.g. Batteries.Alternating CurrentIf a fields keeps reversing its direction, so does the current. The charges will move back and forth. This is called alternating current (AC). Generators produce AC.Describe electric potential diversity ( electric potential) between two points as the change in potential energy per unit charge moving from one point to the other (joules/coulomb or volts)Discuss how potential distinction changes at different points around a DC circuitDecreases as it move around the circuit.Identify the difference between conductors and insulatorsConductor A conductor is something with low resistance, thus current can flow through it easily. Generally metals are candid conduc tors. Silver and Gold are excellent conductors, but we mostly use fuzz and aluminium for electrical wiring, this is because they are nearly as good as conductors and a lot cheaper.Insulator An insulator is mostly a total opposite of a conductor. It has very high resistance, thus which impedes current flow. Example of good insulators includes glass, plastic, and paper. Although their resistance is very high, its all a matter of Ohms Law. If a large affluent voltage is applied, even a good insulator can break down and allow current to flow.Define resistance as the ratio of voltage to current for a particular conductorThe unit of resistance is called the Ohm. The symbol used is the greek letter omiga. How this relates to voltage and current is due to Ohms Law.Describe qualitatively how each of the following affects the movement of electricity through a conductor lengthEverything else being equal, the longer conductor has more resistance, thus essence less conductivity. cross section al areaThe larger the cross-sectional area, the less resistance, thus meaning greater conductivity. temperatureGenerally in metals, the hotter they get, the more resistance they develop, thus meaning increasing conductivity. materialMetals are mostly good conductors while things much(prenominal) as glass and plastic are poor.Present diagrammatic information to pull in the electric field strength and direction between charged repeat plates about and between a positive and negative point charge settle problems and analyse information exploitationPlan, choose equipment for and cause a first- relegate investigation to gather data and use the available evidence to show the kinship between voltage crosswise and current in a DC circuitSolve problems and analyse information applyingPlan, choose equipment for and perform a first-hand investigation to gather data and use the available evidence to show the variations in potential difference between different points around a DC circuit ru n across and process secondary information to identify materials that are commonly used as conductors to provide household electricitywww.wikipedia.comCopper A ductile, malleable, reddish-brown auriferous element that is an excellent conductor of heat and electricity and is widely used for electrical wiring, water piping, and corrosion-resistant parts, either pure or in alloys such as brass and bronze. Atomic number 29 atomic weight 63.54 melting point 1,083C boiling point 2,595C specific gravity 8.96 valence 1, 2.Aluminium (Symbol Al)A silvery-white, ductile metallic element, the most abundant in the earths crust but found only in combination, chiefly in bauxite. Having good conductive and thermal properties, it is used to form many hard, light, corrosion-resistant alloys. Atomic number 13 atomic weight 26.98 melting point 660.2C boiling point 2,467C specific gravity 2.69 valence 3.Electrical Energy in the Home3. Series and parallel circuits serve different purposes in households Identify the difference between series and parallel circuitsSeries circleIn a series circuit all the components are connected in series or connected one after the other, where the current can only take a single path. If 3 light medullas are in a series circuit, the light bulbs are either all on, or all off. They cannot be switched independently. If one bulb burn out the circuit is broken and they all go out.Parallel CircuitsIn a parallel circuit all components are arranged in separate branches of the circuit. Where the current can take multiple paths. If 3 bulbs are arranged in a parallel circuit, at each branch the current divides and flows through one bulb only and each bulb can be switched on/off separately, and if one burns out, the others continue to work.Compare parallel and series circuits in terms of voltage across components and current through themIn series circuits the current is the same throughout the circuit i.e. IT = I1 = I2. Voltages are different across different r esistors, but they correspond up to the for the circuit i.e. VT = V1 + V2.In parallel circuits the voltages are all the same across each resistor i.e. VT = V1 = V2 = V3. Currents are different in each branch but add to the total current i.e. IT = I1 + I2 + I3.Identify uses of ammeters and voltmetersAmmetersAn instrument for the measurement of electric current. The unit of current, the ampere, is the base unit on which rests the International System (SI) definitions of all the electrical units. The direct principle of an ammeter depends on the nature of the current to be measured and the accuracy required. Currents may be broadly classified as direct current (dc), low-frequency alternating current (ac), or radio frequency.VoltmetersAn instrument for the measurement of the electric potential difference between two conductors. Many different kinds of instruments are available to suit of clothes different purposes.Explain wherefore ammeters and voltmeters are connected differently i n a circuitAmmeters measure the current, thus they would have to be placed series with the component you wish to measure current flow through.Voltmeters are placed differently in a circuit as it measures the potential difference across a component and therefore must be placed in parallel with it.Explain why there are different circuits for lighting, heating and other appliances in a houseIn a typical modern home is telegramd to contain a number of separate circuits. Each circuit may contain lights or power outlets and all of them are wired in parallel.The reason why mostly everything is wired in parallel is because it has many advantages, such advantages are that they can be switched on and off independently. If one burns out the other keep going and the total resistance of the parallel circuit is less, and more usable power can be delivered to each light or appliance.Plan, choose equipment or resources for and perform first-hand investigations to gather data and use available evide nce to compare measurements of current and voltage in series and parallel circuits in computer simulations or hands-on equipmentPlan, choose equipment or resources and perform a first-hand investigation to construct simple model household circuits using electrical componentsElectrical Energy in the Home4. The amount of power is cerebrate to the rate at which energy is transformedExplain that power is the rate at which energy is transformed from one form to anotherMathematically power = energy divide by time so P = E/t or E = P.tIdentify the relationship between power, potential difference and currentP = VIPower = Voltage x CurrentP = E/tPower = Energy/TimePower is measured in Watts (W).Identify that the total amount of energy used depends on the length of time the current is flowing and can be calculated usingEnergy = VItIf you combine the equation P= VI and P=E/t then it follows that VI=E/t and therefore, E=V.I.tExplain why the kW-hour is used to measure electrical energy consumpt ion rather than the jouleThe reason why the kilowatt-hour which is a unit of energy which is the expenditure of one kilowatt of power for one hour. The reason why this is used instead of joules is because electrical is consumed widely and extensively meaning large amount of consumption, the appropriate measurement for such a large amount of consumption, kilowatt-hour is the most appropriate measurement unit. carry out a first-hand investigation, gather information and use available evidence to demonstrate the relationship between current, voltage and power for a model 6V to 12V electric heating coilSolve problems and analyse information usingP=VIandEnergy = VItQuestion If electricity cots 15c per kWh calculate i) the energy consumed ii) the cost of using a 100W globe and a 1kW radiator for 3 hours.Solutioni) (100 + 1000) - 3 - 60 - 60= 11880000J OR 11.88MJii) 1.1kW - 3 - 0.15 = $0.495Electrical Energy in the Home5. Electric currents also produce magnetized fields and these fields a re used in different devices in the homeDescribe the behaviour of the magnetic poles of except magnets when they are brought close togetherDefine the direction of the magnetic field at a point as the direction of force on a very splendid north magnetic pole when placed at that pointDescribe the magnetic field around pairs of magnetic polesThere is always a North-pole and there is always a South-pole. Magnetic fields are always shown visually as lines of force that give a definite pole at each end of the material where the flux lines are more dense and concentrated. The lines which go to make up a magnetic field showing the direction and intensity are called Lines of Force or more commonly Magnetic menstruate and are given the Greek symbol, Phi () as shown below.Describe the production of a magnetic field by an electric current in a keen current-carrying conductor and describe how the right hand grip rule can determine the direction of current and field linesWhen current is passe d through a conductor, a magnetic field is created around it. The direction of the magnetic field can be found using the right hand rule. Point your right hand thumb in the direction of the current and the direction of your fingers is the direction of the magnetic field.Compare the nature and generation of magnetic fields by solenoids and a bar magnetIn a solenoid the wire is wrapped into a helix or coil, the magnetic field in each loop adds to its neighbours to intensify the field. The magnetic field of a solenoid is exactly the same shape as a bar magnet.Plan, choose equipment or resources for, and perform a first-hand investigation to build an electromagnetPerform a first-hand investigation to observe magnetic fields by mapping lines of force around a bar magnet surrounding a refined DC current-carrying conductor a solenoid present information using and to show the direction of a current and direction of a magnetic fieldIdentify data sources, gather, process and analyse informat ion to explain one application of magnetic fields in household appliancesElectrical Energy in the Home6. Safety devices are important in household circuitsDiscuss the dangers of an electric shock from both a 240 volt AC mains supply and assorted DC voltages, from appliances, on the muscles of the bodyAn electric shock form a 240 volt AC mains supple can kill a person while various DC voltages form appliances for example 50V can disrupt nerve signals and send your muscles into spasms and if the muscle involved in your heart, it can go into fibrillation where it quivers uncontrollably and does not affection blood properly.a potentially lethal situation.Describe the functions of circuit breakers, fuses, earthing, double insulation and other safety devices in the homeA fuse is a diddle piece of wire which is used to break circuits as this has a low melting point and if an excess of current flows through it, it gets hot, which it then melts and thereby breaks the circuit.Circuit break ers on the other hand do the same job as a fuse, but can be re-set after a circuit overload causes them to trip.Earthing is where a power point and most plugs have 3 slots/pins the 3rd is for the earth wire. The earth wire carries no current and does nothing. But, if however a loose wire or faulty insulation allows an appliance to become live with electricity, then the current is conducted safely by the earth wire down into the ground.Double insulation is when two layers of insulation which is used to shield electrical circuits form human contact, so if a fault occurred in small hand-held appliance, even with a earth wire a person can still get shocked.