Business Ethics: BA Credit Cards for Illegal Immigrants

Is the grant of a loan as well as issuance of a credit card to illegal immigrants ethical, moral or legal? Is Bank of America justified in ignoring the ethical, moral and legal issues of granting loans and credit cards to illegal immigrants? What could have been the more superior reasons for granting loans and credit cards to individuals without Social Security cards and who are in fact illegal immigrants? The need for new markets for loans and credits Just like any banking institution, the mad scramble for means to increase revenues can take a number of means including unethical, illegal or immoral means.While the interest of bank management is primarily to generate revenues to meet their compensation package for the expertise provided; shareholder value is similarly a strong interest on the part of the corporate board to prioritize revenues. Even labor would seek new benefits and salary adjustments to meet the increasing cost of living. Thus, the commonality of purpose in generatin g and increasing revenues is tempered by conflicting interests, resulting to further maximization efforts.This optimizing and maximizing strategies under a tightening competitive environment encourages corporate profit takers to identify new sources of revenues. Here, the groupthink syndrome starts to set aside ethical, moral and legal issues. (Jaksa & Pritchard, 1994) Credit cards and loans provide the vast opportunities for revenues for banks in the form of membership fees, interests, penalties, service charges, legal fees and other finance terms that mean only one thing: revenues and more revenues for the credit card issuer.In some instances, the law even protects the issuing bank and condones its usurious practices through hidden charges that suddenly appear in the card billing. In some instances, states criminalize credit card defaults. Interests are often compounded monthly at a basic rate of 3 to 5 per cent per month which translates into 60 per cent annually without even con sidering any form of penalty, service charges and other fees. Many cards even automatically increase the credit limit to keep the credit card user paying merely the minimum interest and leaving the principal to accumulate as means of sustaining revenues on interests alone.The cash payback period for credit card issuer can average at less than two years with the credit card user almost permanently now tied to the principal that now hardly diminishes with the gamut of fees and charges coming. Even US President Barack Obama is concerned about this. (Feller & Aversa, 2009) The consequences Thus, credit cards are often aggressively marketed both to prime and subprime clients with varying fees. With the hundreds of different cards vying for market share, card issuers will not stop at creating markets for new issuances; and consumers take pride in having more and more credit cards in their wallets.What then made the illegal immigrants or those without social security number a bright prospe ct for credit cards or loans? What opportunities and risks do credit card issuers face in this sector? Why are the requirements limited to the fact that only those with checking accounts during the last three months and without history of overdrafts are qualified? (Feller & Aversa, 2009) Illegal immigrants need liquidity to live in the United States and credit cards provide the liquidity vehicle to cope with the American dream.A large number of illegal immigrants find jobs, even odd ones, to survive; hence their capability to earn the means to live is strong and that their struggle to temporarily live even as an undocumented alien is considered a transition to ultimately becoming a permanent resident, as an immigrant or even as a US citizen. The need hence, to establish a credible record is considered necessary to become an honorable citizen later. This sector is reasonably a good credit risk considering their need to stay safe from the clutches of the Immigration and Naturalization Service by keeping payments updated.In general, this form of self-regulated discipline enhances the credit worthiness of illegal immigrants. On the other hand, even if person ultimately defaults and get caught by the INS, illegal immigrants are often forced to stay in the United States while his credit card case is pending. Thus, the chance that he is able to extricate himself from credit card liability might provide him time to await any form of amnesty to regularize his status. Thus, it is probably based on these market characteristics that Bank of America took the risk of identifying this sector as a good credit risk.In fact, the Bank pilot-tested the credit card in selected areas and probably, the expansion binge to make it nationwide is a concrete indicator that it has become a reasonably good prospect for business. Business, especially banks has a way of getting in despite the ethical, moral or legal issues. In uncertain times, generating revenues more than the need for ethic al, moral or legal constraints is a more primordial philosophy of management. Here again, groupthink in the organization attempts to rationalize such policy.The Bank can anyway afford to employ or hire topnotch lawyers to fight any form of charge of illegal transaction with illegal immigrants. But is it really illegal to issue credit cards to illegal immigrants? If it is not, isn’t it that what the law does not prohibit, it allows? Perhaps, the government will only be able to assert its role in the credit impasse if Bank of America seeks government intervention to collect from past due credit card users. Otherwise, credit card transactions are can be considered global instruments that know no political boundaries. Is it unethical to issue credit cards to illegal immigrants?Banks transact business on a global scale. If the illegal immigrant is issued a credit card in the United States, will it still be unethical or illegal or immoral in the event that if the person returns to his home country and uses his credit card therein? The global market has enabled banks and the credit card issuer to conduct businesses that transcends political boundaries. Thus, if Bank of America issues a credit card to a citizen of another country while he is in that country, then travels to the United States and overstays his visa, will it then be illegal, unethical or immoral to use the card?Is it not that the usurious and unfair practices of card issuer in charging usurious rates and the fine print trap, might be more of an unethical practice in the industry than issuing the credit card per se? Will not Bank of America in fact be helping the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) with issuing a credit card which effectively gets information from the illegal immigrant making the latter more vulnerable to apprehension by the INS? ConclusionThe issue of credit cards being issued by Bank of America to illegal immigrants can be taken from the context of purely business purpo se – to generate revenues. However, the ethical dimension that can be extracted from the case is the absence of ethical ascendancy on the part of Bank of America to contribute to the strengthening of the good governance, transparency practices and exemplary conduct of legitimate processes in the way revenues are generated.In the same way that employers of illegal immigrants are made to answer for the question of hiring these undocumented people in compliance with Immigration Laws. Thus, what right will Bank of America invoke to protect itself in the event of payment default by the illegal immigrant if it seeks protection from the law which discourages such transactions in the first place? The Bank undeniably wants the best of both worlds in this case.In addition, the groupthink syndrome in Bank of America that led to the adoption of this marketing strategy is, as usual, laced with that groupthink rationality. This makes use of the â€Å"we feeling, the illusion of morality, invulnerability with the moral, ethical and legal tone of such group rationalization and consensus leads to the excessive taking of risks without individual ethical responsibility. Hence, anyway one looks at the marketing strategy, the issue of ethics, morals and legalities can never be ignored. Has the Bank ran out of meaningful philosophy?Reference list Feller, B. & Aversa, J (2009), Obama pledges protections for credit-card users, the Associated Press; retrieved April 10, 2009;Website: http://news. yahoo. com/s/ap/us_obama_credit_cards Jaksa, J. & Pritchard, M. (1994), Communication ethics: Methods of Analysis. Western Michigan University, Belmont, CA; Wadworth Publishing Company. Malkim , M. (2007) Bank of illegal aliens in America, retrieved April 19, 2009; website: http://michellemalkin. com/2007/02/13/bank-of-illegal-aliens-in-america/

Role of Financial Institutions in the Global Economy

Globalization has sparked a revolution in information and communication technology, resulting in the emergence of an era that boasts the arrival of new levels of global interconnectedness. As a result, globalization has also increased the significance of the many different roles that financial institutions play in the overall global economy. Financial institutions can play several roles, ranging from operating as a simple method of savings, to functioning as an important revitalization source in a low-income community. This paper will explain the general role of financial institutions in the global economy, will touch on more significant individual roles, and discuss the overall role of international financial institutions. Research indicates that a financial institutions' role as an intermediary is clearest in the credit and deposit business (Krayer, 2002). The usual function involves clients bringing to the bank their savings, or money which the bank transfers to its credit clients in the form of loans. In the loan instance, a borrower's credit rating may change during the life of a loan, thereby changing the value of the loan at that point in time, which reflects the interest and amortization payments expected in the future (Krayer, 2002). In some cases, credits may even become entirely worthless if borrowers become insolvent and bankrupt (Krayer, 2002). Another function which banks perform within an economy is rating and selecting the loans they finance. Through their activities as an agent, another essential function performed by banks is to reduce risks overall (Krayer, 2002). In this way, the general role of banks is to undertake and provide specific products or services. Financial institutions also play an additional role within an economy by granting loans, processing payments, accepting deposits, and carrying out investments. Through these activities, banks create added value for their clients, employees, service providers and shareholders. As a result, there is a significant amount of potential damage were a bank to collapse. Thus, the economic benefits generated by a bank are basically no different from the economic benefits generated by a doctor, teacher or train driver: by exercising, to the best of their knowledge and abilities, their specialist function in competition with others, companies and their employees make their contribution to economic benefit (Krayer, 2002). Research indicates that bankers act responsibly when they ensure that their house is in order and resist the temptation to pass off poor financial performance as a contribution to the economy (Krayer, 2002). Larger financial institutions play an additional role than just that of providing typical banking services. Financial institutions can form the core of economic development in a low-income community. For example, the World Bank's focus is on project lending and structural reforms that enhance long-run development and poverty alleviation (Stiglitz, 1998). The role of the World Bank in the global economy is to address pressing issues such as weak financial sectors, lack of transparency and poor governance in the corporate sectors, and weaknesses in external liability management will help restore confidence among foreign and domestic investors (Stiglitz, 1998). In this way, the World Bank acts to reactivate poor economies and thus to protect and extend social and economic achievements. In poorer countries, the World Bank appears to operate in coordination with the government as it steps in and fills the income-security gap that is left by companies closing and workers losing their jobs. Over the longer term, the World Bank will be working with countries to help them design modern, durable social safety nets that complement their other structural reforms (Stiglitz, 1998). Finally, as illustrated above, the role of financial institutions is very diverse, as communities depend on them for basic transactions such as savings and loans. In the larger view, however, banks operate as the financial support of an economy, the stabilization of which the community depends on.

The Bystander Effect On Social Psychology - 1047 Words

†¢ General Aims: What is your general topic area? Inform the reader briefly of the overall topic and why it is of interest. The general topic area is about The Bystander Effect. John M.Darley and Bibb Latane research about the bystander effect based on the story of Kitty Genovese. Also known as individuals are less likely to help in a situation in the presence of others (Greitemeyer and Mugge, 201 p.116). When doing this literature research for the bystander effect, it discover that different types of emergency situations impact how individuals react. It was discover that the main focus was on the idea of feeling responsible for a situation and actions that occur as a result. The interest of learning about the different emotions of the†¦show more content†¦For this research, emotions was the main focus on the bystander effect theory. Shalom H. Schwartz and Avi Gottlieb (1980) found that the reactions of the participants could interfere with the decisions being made during any situation. (Schwartz and Gottlieb, 1968). This research was able to show that emotions do play a role in our decision maki ng in any situations. Schwartz, S. H., Gottlieb, A. (1980). Bystander anonymity and reactions to emergencies. Journal Of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(3), 418-430. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.39.3.418 Latan, B. And Darley, J. M. Group inhibition of bystander intervention in emergencies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1968, 10, 215-221. †¢ Hypothesis and Specific Aims: What idea does that research give you that you want to check out? In other words, state your hypothesis, including your theoretical IV and DV. It should be clear how this is different from what is already known. The hypothesis for this experiment was: Do our emotions specifically those of empathy or personal distress, interfere with our actions in a given situation? It was discovered that this question fit perfectly with the Bystander Effect Theory based on the idea that emotions could occur in any time of the day and still could affect one’s decisions making during any situations. The independent variable for this experiment is emotions. The dependent variable for this experiment is whether or not the participants help. †¢Show MoreRelatedThe Bystander Effect On Social Psychology1077 Words   |  5 Pagesreader briefly of the overall topic and why it is of interest. The general topic area is about The Bystander Effect. John M.Darley and Bibb Latane research about the bystander effect based on the story of Kitty Genovese. Also known as individuals are less likely to help in a situation in the presence of others (Greitemeyer and Mugge, 201 p.116). When doing this literature research for the bystander effect, it discover that different types of emergency situations impact how individuals react. It was discoveredRead MoreSocial Psychology : The Bystander Effect1061 Words   |  5 PagesAlthough we may not realize it, our social life is constantly being characterized by social influences and our environments. As individuals we tend to give in to social influences because we either do not know how to act in certain situations, or because we follow the social norms (when we tend to embrace other ways of thinking, behaving, or feeling that are shared between a group of people). Social Psychology gives us the information we need in order to understand w hy we, at times, behave in a wayRead MoreDiscuss the Social Psychology of the Bystander Effect3264 Words   |  14 PagesDiscuss the Social Psychology of the Bystander Effect Name Grade Course Tutor’s Name Date Introduction The bystander effect is a social psychological sensation that alludes to cases in which people dont offer any method for help to a victimized person when other individuals are available. The likelihood of assistance is contrarily identified with the amount of bystanders. At the end of the day, the more noteworthy the amount of bystanders, the more improbableRead MoreExploring a Classic Case in Social Psychology Essay1058 Words   |  5 PagesProgrammatic Assessment: Exploring a Classic Study in Social Psychology Christina Parker PSYCH 620 October 28, 2013 Stacy Hernandez Individual Programmatic Assessment: Exploring a Classic Study in Social Psychology Social psychology first examined the phenomena later termed â€Å"bystander effect† in response to a 1964 murder. The murder of a young woman with as many as 38 witnesses and none who helped until it was too late. The bystander effect is individuals seeing an emergency situation but notRead MoreThe Observation Of The Bystander Effect1079 Words   |  5 Pagesreader briefly of the overall topic and why it is of interest. The general topic area is about The Bystander Effect. John M.Darley and Bibb Latane research about the bystander effect based on the story of Kitty Genovese. 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A summary about this study as well as an explanation of the results andRead MoreEssay on Bystander Effect1079 Words   |  5 PagesBystander effect, (Darley Latane, 1970) refers to decrease in helping response when there are bystanders around relative to no bystanders. Referring to previous study stating that there are some cases of which group size may promote helping instead of hindering it (Fischer et al., 2011). Researchers then speculate the possibility of positive influences from bystanders by taking public self-awareness into consideration. Researchers proposed that high public self-awareness would reverse the bystanderRead MoreSocial Psychology Prosocial Behaviour1444 Words   |  6 PagesEs say ‘Using social psychology theories, discuss the situational factors that affect the likelihood that people will engage in prosocial behaviour. What is the evidence for these effects, and how might changes in our society affect the likelihood of people acting prosocially? According to Gross (2010) the term prosocial behaviour is used to describe behaviours carried out by individuals intended to benefit others, such as helping, cooperating, comforting, reassuring, defending, sharing, donatingRead MoreEvolution of Social Psychology Essay1668 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Social Psychology is one of the younger sub disciplines within the field of Psychology. In the short span in which social psychology has existed, began with the work of the Norman Triplett in the late 1890s. Tripletts work at Indiana University was primarily experimentation with people in competitive settings. Gordon Allport followed Tripletts experimentation with his observations the attitudes of individuals and the study of the self. While these contributions to the history of social psychologyRead MoreAim The experiment described below was aimed at investigating bystander apathy and try and relate700 Words   |  3 Pages Aim The experiment described below was aimed at investigating bystander apathy and try and relate to it to diffusion of responsibility. The bystander effect has been greatly examined and investigated leading to several conclusions, with diffusion of responsibility being one of the most prevalent. The theory holds that a person is more willing to assist another person in distress when he is alone. When a person is comes across a person in distress and there are other people around, he is less willing

Haitian Revolution The Revolution - 1199 Words

Haitian Revolution: The Haitian Revolution was led by Toussaint L’Ouverture from May 20, 1743 to April 7, 1803. It has been described as the largest and most successful slave rebellion. The rebellion was initiated in 1791 by the slaves. In the end, they had succeeded in ending slavery and French control on the colony. The Haitian Revolution consisted of multiple revolutions going simultaneously. The Haitian Revolution existed from 1791 to 1804. It was important because Haiti is the only country where slave freedom was taken by force and it was the only successful slave revolt. Industrial Revolution: During the Industrial Revolution, rural societies in Europe and America became industrial and urban. It occurred from the 18th to the 19th†¦show more content†¦It also is a political theory and movement aiming to establish a system. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels expressed what they thought was scientific socialism. Socialism was first brought up in the 1848 right before the Revolutions swept Europe. Socialism was important because it was the reason that individuals or groups couldn’t round up enough resources to out do another group. With social equality in mind, it was intended to serve as a system that treat all humans equally and freedom to work. One thing about socialism that is very effective is that it can either go through a government or in a direct community organization. Nationalism: Nationalism is a belief that interests of a particular nation-state are important. People who share a common language, history, and culture should be independent and free of foreign domination. It is a sense of identity in a nation. John Quincy Adams was a major founder in nationalism. It began towards the end of the 18th century and spread throughout the 19th century. At the beginning of the 20th century it was still spreading throughout different countries. The American and French revolutions were two of the first to incorporate it. After that it spread through central Europe and then to the eastern and southeastern Europe. When the 20th century hit, it spread through lands of Asia and Africa. Nationalism is important because it is the bond that holdsShow MoreRelatedThe Revolution Of The Haitian Revolution1385 Words   |  6 PagesThe Haitian Revolution is one of the most effective and swift Slave revolts of all time. The causes of the Haitian Revolution were quite si mple and was similar to any other kind of slave revolt. Many ideas carried around by slave traders at the time such as treating slaves as property, using social/racial classes, and oppressive control ultimately tipped the slaves over the edge. Ideas of independence also sparked the revolution, and one key inspiration to the cause was The French Revolution. ThisRead MoreThe Haitian Revolution1975 Words   |  8 Pagesrebellion is called the Haitian Revolution. 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To force an unfair and unjustified debt upon a people for fighting for their freedom and winning is double wrong and equally as bad as slaveryRead MoreSuccess of the Haitian Revolution1897 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿The Success of the Haitian Revolution The Haitian Revolution was the result of a long struggle on the part of the slaves in the French colony of St. Domingue, but was also propelled by the free Mulattoes who had long faced the trials of being denoted as semi-citizens. This revolt was not unique, as there were several rebellions of its kind against the institution of plantation slavery in the Caribbean, but the Haitian Revolution the most successful. This had a great deal to do withRead More The Haitian Revolution Essay2474 Words   |  10 Pageseffects of the Haitian Revolution have played, and continue to play, a major role in the history of the Caribbean. During the time of this rebellion, slavery was a large institution throughout the Caribbean. 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In St Domingue, thereRead MoreLouvertures Efforts as Leader of the Haitian Revolution Essay775 Words   |  4 PagesThe Haitian Revolution was time of hectic blood shed war. Toussaint Louverture was the leader of the Haitians out of slavery and free from the Spanish. The colony of St. Domingue was a slave island, where slaves would work to make goods to be sent to Spain in return for nothing. The people were treated harsh and done wrong but by the efforts of Louverture they will become free. Louverture was the leader of the revolution but failed to complete his duties because of capture Jean- Jacques Dessalines

A Person With Various Mental Health Needs - 2233 Words

This paper will examine a person with various mental health needs. This will be followed by a discussion on the range of health needs and possible services to be accessed. It will also identify other professionals likely to be involved in the person’s care. The piece of work will look at the impact these health conditions have on the patient, carer(s), as well as neighbors and family. In meeting identified needs of the patient, a framework of care will be explored to offer a holistic person-centered care that includes psychological, emotional, physical, and social needs. There will be a further discussion on the model of care that will be suitable and convenient for the patient in order to promote effective communication and a good partnership approach that will guarantee the patient’s value, dignity and respect at all time through evaluation, plannification, and assessment of the patient mental illness, taking into consideration that all have an equal right and opportu nity to high standard health care facility. Department of Health. (DH) (2012c). The scenario in hand tells of a patient with mental health problems. It will be wise and prudent for us to understand what the concept of mental health is all about, and identifying the various needs associated with it. World Health Organization (WHO) (2001) cited in Pryjmachuk(2011,p.4) defines mental health as ’a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her abilities, and can cope with the normal stresses ofShow MoreRelatedChronological Record of Various Acts that were Implemented for Persons with Mental Illness954 Words   |  4 Pagesthe government and its various branches. The treatment of persons with mental illness has been documented in the ancient Ayurvedic texts, but introduction of a separate institution for the sole purpose of the care of the mentally ill is a British introduction. This assignment will provide a chronological record of the various Acts and provisions that were implemented for persons with mental illness. 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As of 2015 the healthcare spending was around 320 billion which is about 10,000 per person, hence per capita spending on each person is very high. Even though the spending is high, Universal coverage has not been achieved and there is increase in personal debt and economic failure because of medical expenses. Now about 44 million population is benefiting which

In the years following the Civil War, American art underwent a fundamental shift Essay Example For Students

In the years following the Civil War, American art underwent a fundamental shift Essay In the years following the Civil War, American art underwent a fundamental shift. The traditional Romantic style of painting, which focused on portraying majestic scenes in stark, vivid lines and shapes, gave way to a new concern for light and atmosphere. It was the age of Impressionism. Impressionism was not indigenous to America. In fact, its origins lay in France, which had long been at the fore of artistic innovation. The French Impressionists threw off the shackles of traditional painting in favor of an airier, lighter style. The purpose of Impressionism was to convey the impression of an object by capturing the patterns of light and color on and surrounding it. There were no sharp outlines or definite edges; everything was very ephemeral, almost illusory. But what factors were responsible for this movement? Why did it become popular in America so much more so than in any other country? Wherein lay the Impressionist appeal? These are important questions. For some time during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, American artists had scoffed at European art as too stuffy and urbane. The Americans drew inspiration from the beauty of their native landscape, turning to naturalist and romantic styles to portray the land they loved. The Literary World wrote, What comparison is there between the garden landscapes of England or France and the noble scenery of the Hudson, or the wild witchery of some of our unpolluted lakes and streams? One is mans nature, the other, Gods. However, after the horrific Civil War, this proud view of a New Eden was shattered. Soon Americans were turning elsewhere for inspiration. It is interesting to note that while dozens of Americans were studying in Paris in the mid-1800s, thousands came there in the post-war years. It was in this time that the Impressionist movement began in France. Thus, many Americans were about to discover the new style in their studies at Paris, Munich, London, etc. Also, we see the seeds for Impressionism already taking root in America before the war. Luminism, a primarily American movement of this era, was a sort of precursor to Impressionism. Luminism was concerned with portraying atmosphere as colored light, and the effects of this light on solids. In addition, the glare aesthetic was a movement concerned with defining planar objects with vivid reflected light. This new focus on the properties and effects of light paved the way for Impressionist art, and in fact, many prominent Luminists and glare painters work sometimes resembled Impressionist art. The artistic development of this period was further encouraged by the photograph. During and immediately after the Civil War, photography became ever increasingly prevalent. This technology filled the former niche of painters, especially portraitists, who were used to depicting the world as they saw it. Now, however, photography offered a much simpler and quicker way to depict the world, often with greater accuracy. Therefore, painters found themselves free of any obligation to objective reality, and began experimenting with the subjective. Impressionism was the first  manifestation of this freedom; later came Expressionism, Cubism, and Surrealism. All owed their creation to the creative freedom left by the invention of the photograph. The early American Impressionists, like Mary Cassat and Willard Metcalf, were first exposed to the art while studying in Europe. Later artists would encounter the art at home, but virtually all traveled to France and Germany to study with the masters. Paris, of course, was a major center for the emerging art, as became Giverny, home of Claude Monet. A whole school of Impressionists, many of them Americans, studied with Monet and came to be called Givernois. .u163168cbe21e945782881307cc8f0daa , .u163168cbe21e945782881307cc8f0daa .postImageUrl , .u163168cbe21e945782881307cc8f0daa .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u163168cbe21e945782881307cc8f0daa , .u163168cbe21e945782881307cc8f0daa:hover , .u163168cbe21e945782881307cc8f0daa:visited , .u163168cbe21e945782881307cc8f0daa:active { border:0!important; } .u163168cbe21e945782881307cc8f0daa .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u163168cbe21e945782881307cc8f0daa { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u163168cbe21e945782881307cc8f0daa:active , .u163168cbe21e945782881307cc8f0daa:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u163168cbe21e945782881307cc8f0daa .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u163168cbe21e945782881307cc8f0daa .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u163168cbe21e945782881307cc8f0daa .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u163168cbe21e945782881307cc8f0daa .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u163168cbe21e945782881307cc8f0daa:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u163168cbe21e945782881307cc8f0daa .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u163168cbe21e945782881307cc8f0daa .u163168cbe21e945782881307cc8f0daa-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u163168cbe21e945782881307cc8f0daa:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Privatisation of Agriculture in Russia and China in the 1980s and 1990s EssayBy the turn of the century, Impressionism could be further classified into French and American schools. A shining example of the American Impressionists was Childe Hassam. A contemporary art critic, Charles Gallatin, described Hassam as being beyond any doubt the greatest exponent of Impressionism in America. He continued, Momentary effects produced by sunlight is usually his theme, it is true, and equally true it is that he paints by placing his colors in juxtaposition, in order to create effects to be seen at a distance. Hassam tended to paint scenes of everyday life in America. A typical Hassam depicts a small group of people, doing nothing extraordinary, but engaged in their own business. In his own words, Hassam says, I believe the man who will go down to posterity is the man who paints his own time and the scenes of everyday life around himà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦There is nothing so interesting to me as people. So we see that many factors contributed to the fundamental shift in American art of the late nineteenth century. It is important to understand that, while nearly all of the great American Impressionists studied in Europe, they generally put their own unique American spin on the art. Very few can be said to have copied the European masters. It is also important to note that Luminism, in many ways a precursor to Impressionism, had its heyday before the explosion of European influence in American art. Finally, it was the effective use of photography which freed artists to explore their own creative styles and escape the restrictions of objective reality. These factors led to the creation of something great and beautiful, at once a part of a larger movement, but at the same time very definitely American. It was the age of American Impressionism.

Solar Energy as an Alternative Source of Energy

Since the beginning of the existence of this planet, the sun has been an important resource for sustaining both human and plant life. Plants, which we feed on, manufacture their food by using sunlight. Adequate exposure to sunlight has valuable health effects to humans. In addition, since historic times, man has employed the sunlight as a source of generating energy used for various industrial and household purposes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Solar Energy as an Alternative Source of Energy – Essay specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nonetheless, with the emergence of technology, man slowly turned from increased dependence on solar energy and adopted the use of fossil fuels and other forms of energy generation (Morris, 10). It is of essence to note that, with the depletion of fossil fuels, more emphasis is now being put on the use of solar energy as an alternate energy source. However, is its use benefic ial, especially in this century? The sunlight can be used in a number of different ways. Usually, it is converted into electricity through the use photovoltaic cells to power household and industrial electrical equipment. The advantages that the use of solar energy brings have made many people to adopt its use. As the current generation is waking up to the reality that the limited world’s resources are slowly becoming diminished, more emphasis has been put on the adoption of renewable energy sources. However, despite these facts, some people have continued to milk the planet’s essential energy reservoirs without thinking of the next generation. Although the cost of a barrel of oil has escalated tremendously during this decade, the world’s thirst for oil has not been quenched. A number of experts have projected that if the current trend continues uncontrolled, then the world’s demand for oil is likely to escalate by as high as sixty-five percent in the nex t two decades. Therefore, how will we meet all this demand for energy when the renewable resources are continually being depleted? As an alternate energy source, the use of solar energy can go a long way in meeting the rise in the global demand for energy (DeGunther, 7). It is important to note that long after the other resources have been entirely exhausted from the face of the earth, solar energy will still be present. So why have we not completely adopted its use? Some people have claimed that it is more cost effective to generate energy using fossil fuels. This has made renewable energy sources, such as the wind and sunlight, to go untapped. However, it seems as though this in no longer the case.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More If the production of fossil fuels is cost effective, then why is it that the world’s consumption of energy far exceeds the amount that i s supplied? And why has the grid been unable to meet adequately the increased demand for energy for home and industrial appliances? Currently, power failures are a common daily occurrence. That is why smart people have started to look for affordable alternatives for generating power. No wonder, solar energy have never disappointed them. It has been said that the use of sunlight for energy generation is more expensive because of the exorbitant expenses incurred while installing the solar panels. On the other hand, it is worth mentioning that in the long run, solar panels save more money or they are ‘free’ once the fixing is done (Benduhn, 4). The meager costs incurred in their maintenance cannot be compared to the costs of the use of other sources of energy. The recovery period for these costs incurred is shorter as compared to the use electricity. In addition, some governmental agencies are providing ambitious financial incentives for individuals who want to bring the b enefits of solar energy to their homes. More over, some utility organizations practice net metering programs in which an individual sells his or her surplus energy to the organizations so as to reduce the costs of electricity bill. Solar energy equipment also utilizes less amount of energy since they do not require any fuel to ensure that they are running. As a result, they are not directly affected by the ever rise and fall of fuel prices that sometimes leads to increased burdens on the use of renewable energy sources. The continued dependence on the renewable sources of energy is even more costly. For example, it is approximated that in the United States, the cost of electricity has been increasing at about 6.5% every year for the past three decades (Peter, para. 2). The overwhelming escalation of electricity prices can lead to super-high energy costs in the future, if no adequate efforts are done to curb this unprecedented price increase through the adoption of the use of other c heaper alternative sources of energy. Besides the high costs of conventional non-renewable sources of energy, the millions of tons of carbon dioxide and other dangerous chemicals produced annually due to the use of fossil fuels in the generation of energy are causing a lot of destruction to our beautiful planet. If no efforts are made to reduce the emission of the dangerous compounds to the atmosphere, then the future generation will hold us accountable for not adopting the use of other environmentally friendly sources of energy. Some people argue that solar panels require a lot of space to accommodate them. They say that to achieve high-energy efficiency, the solar panels should be installed in a wide area of land. As much as this is true, it is not a cause of neglecting the adoption of solar energy as an alternate source of energy. How much land is now uninhabited in many places around the world? This land can be put to meaningful use by installing solar panels in such areas.Adver tising We will write a custom essay sample on Solar Energy as an Alternative Source of Energy – Essay specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, the adoption of some creative strategies can easily defeat this problem. For instance, some households and business enterprises have had their grid-connected solar panels attached to utility and light poles, people with extra space have filled them up with solar panels, and some people have even set up their solar panels on the rooftops. Interestingly, the installation of solar panels is unconstrained by geographical limits. This implies that one can comfortably install them in the remotest part of a country since energy from the sun is available independently and one does not require a connection to a power or a gas grid for them to function. Therefore, as much as solar panels require adequate installation area, better ways of surmounting this problem are available. It has bee n argued that the use of solar energy is dependant on weather conditions; therefore, this makes it to be unreliable as weather conditions usually change constantly. In addition, the opponents of solar energy have put forth that its production is only limited to during the day and hence it cannot adequately meet the needs of energy. However, these inadequacies can be surmounted by building an efficient backup system or by practicing net metering. Because the production of solar energy relies on the location of the sun, fixing some parts in the solar panels will ensure they function optimally, regardless of the weather conditions. Even though bad weather is able to lower the effectiveness of the solar panels, the effects are not very much extensive. For example, it has been estimated that even if the U.S. could get at least forty minutes of sunshine per day, it can be adequate to produce more energy than all the fossil fuels it uses on a yearly basis. Therefore, despite its little ina dequacies, the adoption of solar energy as an alternate energy source can reduce the usage of the planet’s precious fossil fuels that have been estimated to be undergoing depletion at a rate of more than 100,000 times faster than they are being created (Wanamingo, para. 3). In conclusion, it is without doubt that our continued negligence to adopt the use of solar energy as an alternate energy source puts us in a tricky situation. This calls for the enactment of appropriate energy policies to increase the use of sunlight for the production of energy.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The world’s increased energy needs cannot be adequately met by the use of the diminishing non-renewable sources of energy. Therefore, the adoption of solar energy, which is abundant, readily available, and can never be depleted, is the best alternative to this problem. Works Cited Benduhn,Tea. Solar power. Pleasantville, NY: Weekly Reader Pub., 2009. Print. DeGunther, Rik. Solar power your home for dummies. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley, 2010. Print. Morris, Neil. Solar power. North Mankato, Minn.: Smart Apple Media, 2006. Print. Peter, Kavar. â€Å"Here Comes the Sun: Solar Energy Is Becoming More Attractive For Mainstream Consumers.† Affordable solar power.org. Affordable Solar Power, 14 Sept. 2005. Web. Wanamingo, Erica S. â€Å"Solar energy.† TeenInk.com. TeenInk, n.d. Web. http://www.teenink.com/hot_topics/environment/article/4234/Solar-Energy/ This essay on Solar Energy as an Alternative Source of Energy was written and submitted by user Luciana Ford to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.