Decision-Making Approaches Essay

There are many decision-making approaches and they all depend on the situation that the decision maker(s) is in. In the second case where there are infection cases in a certain hospital, the duty of the administration is to make a decision that makes sure the problem subsides. One of the main approaches that the management can use in such a case is the vision-led approach. The vision of a company is one of the best tools to show what the organization stands for. The vision also shows the core values of the hospital. If one of the nurses does not act according to the core values of the organization, they ought to take action. This approach involves the administration calling the nurses and pointing out the issues. The organization then relays the mission, vision and core values of the hospital and acts according to what they stipulate (Jones & Beck, 1996). The second approach is the consensus-led decision approach. In this method, the stakeholders, management and nurses sit down and look for ways to come up with solutions. In this kind of approach, every person has a chance to propose solutions and they all take votes to choose the most viable one. Explain why this decision is better made by a group rather than by an individual. A decision is best made by a group than an individual because the group raises issues that the individuals may not have known. The group also feels involved and they make sure that they implement the proposed solution. This approach makes sure that there is a collaboration from all the members of the hospital. In this style of decision-making, the nurses and workers also get to know the gravity of the situation and they are involved. The workers also give information on what is happening in the departments. Discuss the  advantages and disadvantages of the group decision-making process for this scenario. Consensus or collaborative decision-making has many advantages and they are the reason why it is the best approach in this scenario (Chong & Benli, 2005). A consensus group is a stronger than a group of one because it is committed to finding concrete solutions. When people come together with one mission, they do better than an individual. In a consensus group, the hospital has more information, ideas and suggestions. Some of the ideas are viable and they are ideas that people can follow and live with. A group comes up with creative solutions. For example, in this scenario, the administration may have the idea of getting rid of some nurses while there may be better ideas like increasing cleanliness and sanitation. Consensus is amicable and it makes people like they are part of a team. When people feel valuable and part of a group, they make sure that they work hard to fulfill the things that the group set put to do. This decision-making approach is applicable to many types of situations (Yearwood & Stranieri, 2012). In conclusion, the disadvantage of consensus is that it takes a lot of time. If a person or group is trying to make a hasty decision, this is not the best approach because it involves gathering everybody, listening to opinions and then voting for the best decisions. If there are two great ideas, it takes time to decide what the better ideas is. This method does not work for large numbers of people. There is the likelihood of many people disagreeing with the decision. References Chong, P., & Benli, Ãâ€". (2005). Consensus in team decision making involving resource allocation. Management Decision, 43(9), 1147-1160. Doi: 10.1108/00251740510626245 Jones, R., & Beck, S. (1996). Decision-making in nursing. Albany: Delmar Publishers. Yearwood, J., & Stranieri, A. (2012). Approaches for community decision-making and collective reasoning. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference.

Incident in Indian history Essay

There is a very famous incident in Indian history which serves as lesson for all rulers for all the times, some rulers take positive cues from it, mend their ways, treat themselves as servants of public and keep public interest above theirs while others who are drunk with power and arrogant in behavior, refuse to learn anything, become another example in long list of individuals whose name pops up when there is a talk about how common masses dislodged the ruling class from the throne. The incident is about a corrupt ruler’s abuse and insult of a honest, patriotic and intelligent Sanyasi. The Sanyasi takes a vow to uproot the mighty corrupt ruler and after few years gets success in his mission. The Sanyasi had honesty, integrity, patriotism & few good followers as his asset and we still know that period of Indian history as golden period. You might have got the idea till now, the mighty corrupt ruler was Dhananand and the Sanyasi was Shri Vishnugupt, whom we know as Chankya. Chankya’s worthy student Chandragupta, after he conquers Magadh, also frees the motherland from clutches of foreigners. This incident came to my mind when I saw how, one year ago, the corrupt members of a particular party heaped insult after insult on a patriotic Sanyasi, who was just demanding the return of our ill-gotten money from foreign land and end of corruption in India. The corrupts were sp afraid of saffron cloths of the Sanyasi that they had to arrest him in night at 2 am, that too after talking to him and giving him assurance that they will act on his demands. But the Sanyasi wanted a concrete action from the corrupt thugs and was hoping against the hope that they will issue an ordinance on declaring the black money as national asset and those who have stashed away that money would be declared as criminals and given very hard punishment. He wanted the corrupt thugs to issue the ordinance as he has seen how they have been fooling the Anna Hazare and his team on JanLokpal bill. It’s for all of you to see how the government hasn’t passed the bill toll today, even after promising the moon. If the corrupts wanted it, they could have done that but this would have given them so much trouble because many times its they and their close ones who have stashed the black money abroad and involved in all corruption scandals. You can’t expect a thief to pass a law for his own punishment. The corrupt ruling class had to act against their loved ones after such law is passed and Indian public too, which has become aware about all the wrong doings and its effect on them, would pressurize them to act. The Supreme Court which is now acting as very much independent agency, as envisioned in constitution of India, would have got the corrupt thugs in more trouble. All these 65 years the corrupt people of political class, specially the party which ruled us the most, have looted this nation systematically. It’s them and their close one who has billions of dollars stashed away in foreign banks. This is making them so nervous that they won’t allow this to happen otherwise their queen bee will be exposed too and public in this information age would be able to see how systematically this Gandhi Nehru clan and its cronies have looted our nation. That’s why the ruling class started bribing the whole nation through easy money making mass bribing schemes such a farmer loan waiver scheme or the bigger scandal in form of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Guaranty Scheme. These mass bribery schemes have helped the corrupts to win elections but have given a big financial burden on tax payers like me and our economic progress is slowing down because of such nonproductive schemes. The ruling class knows that Indians suffer from short term memory loss. They know that Indians would just forget what these corrupt thugs have been doing now and as central elections are 2 years away, they can make fool of Indians again and through some mass bribery scheme, fanning communal violence and minority appeasement they can dream of coming to power again. These corrupt thugs don’t have long term wellbeing of India in mind and are just focused on short term gain of winning elections by hook or crook and punishing the patriots of this land to appease certain section of minorities, hiding the orruption and ego massaging of certain individuals. They tried it all in recent UP elections but it’s for the world to see how the Prince charming & whole extended Gandhi clan along with great sadist Digvijay Singh failed miserably to keep even the assembly constituencies of Raibareli & Amethi with grand old corrupt party. I just can’t believe that the Congress Party once had Sardar Patel and Subhash Chndra Bose as its members. Their souls must be suffering with pain and thinking that why at all they wanted freedom from British? If you don’t even have right to sit on peaceful protest and the administration can still beat up the hungry and thirsty sleeping children, women and elderly men, in middle of night than what kind of freedom and democracy is this? Don’t you think that the incident which happened with Baba Ramdev & his supporters a year ago brings sad memory of Jaliawala bagh back to your mind? The situation was same, all people were doing just peaceful protest and General Dyre, a foreigner, ordered his Indian policemen to fire and kill people. The Indian policemen in his command didn’t even hesitate to kill their own peaceful countrymen and this time you have Italian, a foreigner, ordering the same thing on sleeping innocent countrymen in middle of night. The cunning politician who calls Osama Bin Laden as Osama Ji, visits the home of terrorists and cast doubts on security forces of India has guts to call a patriotic Sanyasi as thug and we all just listen, smile and look away as if it’s not your or mine problem. What kind of people we have become? Just imagine if these corrupt thugs can do such lowly acts with such an extraordinary individual as Baba Ramdev, what they could do to us or what they have been doing with this nation all these years? I don’t have any hesitation in saying that Congress party is root of all evils of India as they ruled India the most. They had golden chance of shaping India’s destiny at independence but Nehru was too westernize to think for Indian way & solution. So we still have many laws which are prevalent from 1890s too, its hard to believe but its truth. If, in front of our eyes and in this information age they have been able to do scams of such a greater magnitude as Coalgte, 2G spectrum scam, Adarsh Society Scam, Food grain scam, insulting a honest & patriotic army chief and many more such things, than just think what they have been doing in past? Infact the corruption started in 1947 itself by doing Geep scandal. I feel sometimes that this party is just meant for looting and siphoning away India’s wealth like the way British did for 200 years. The Nehru Gandhi Clan and many congressmen, by being close to Britishers, knew and perfected the art of divide & rule and siphoning money and stashing away in foreign lands. Its because of people like these the tolerant Hindus are becoming violent in their thoughts and trying to avenge the humiliation of Bharat Mata and fellow Hindus. I think they are still thinking that young educated mass in India don’t matter as we don’t go for voting and are just arm chair or cyber activists. I know there is some truth in it and may be they may again get away with it. But I know one thing for sure that all these agitations by likes of Anna Hazare & Baba Ramdev are atleast making people aware of what kind of corrupt people are ruling us. In long run this awareness will help in making India a better democracy. I urge all nationalistic like-minded Indians to start speaking and telling truth whenever & wherever they get chance. We need to awaken the mass. I try to do it whenever I am in any public place such as trains, buses, local transports, in social gatherings, office talks with colleagues. I prefer travelling in sleeper class of train many times so that I get the chance to meet more and more people and make them understand the challenges in front of the nation. I make sure that everybody understands the point of view and urge them to vote in every election. I take their pledge that they will vote in all elections. It doesnt matter whom they vote for but they should vote as it’s the only way we can play part in building India. This is the war of Kurukshetra, you can’t remain neutral in this war, and you have to pick a side. By being neutral I mean that not voting and going on for picnic on voting day is not an option anymore. You will get the government that you deserve and I don’t think we deserve to be ruled by the current bunch of corrupts whose name is there in different big corruption scandals. If the educated middle class doesn’t rise to the occasion than again the next government will be decided by the people for whom the caste & religion and free food or money for one day is enough for making voting choices. In recent elections you might have seen how they seized liquor & money from candidates which was meant for distribution among voters. The poor illiterate village masses have been shackled so long in barriers of castes, religion, food & money that they many times miss the bigger picture. So until the educated middle class who are affected by everyday corruption doesn’t take pledge to do the voting seriously, I don’t see much chance of improving the situation in India. I know we all common Indians are not like sun which can remove the darkness in one go but we are like small diyas which when placed together, have the best chance of outshining the sun. I urge all like-minded Indians to step up their protests wherever they can. It may be through blogs, through open talks, at hotels where you go for lunch or dinner, at parks, students can do it in their campus, if electronic & print media isn’t doing its work and many times acting as B team of this corrupt rule than we have to play our part in saving this nation’s soul. If we don’t register our protest, the corrupt ruling class will feel that we don’t care about our nation and just busy with earning our money and living our life casually. its upto us now, we have to show them through our deeds that we are still awake and won’t tolerate the looting of common wealth anymore. They had played with pride of a Sanyasi who doesn’t want anything for himself. He has enough fame through his good deeds. He has enough resources to sustain himself for life long. He is not having any immediate family which is getting benefitted out of his fame. He is a patriotic Sanyasi like Chankya and the foreigner controlled ruling class should know what happened after a corrupt thug insulted and humiliated an honest and patriotic Sanyasi. Although I don’t agree with some of the points which Baba Ramdev is insisting on such a removal of big currency notes and having all education in Hindi & other regional languages or bringing Dalit Christians & Muslims under reservation. But his other issues are worthy causes for which we have to raise our collective voice. The ruling class is playing with a simple honest individual like Anna Hazare, who is asking nothing for himself and making a fool of him every day by one lie or another. They had played with pride of an honest army General and maligned his character by all possible means. On other hand the likes of Rajas, Chidambaram, Dayanidhi Maran, Abhishek Manu Singhvi, Sharad Pawar are having time of their life and they are busy in inventing new ways of looting the public money. If we want this to be stopped than I urge you to play your part in making of this nation. It would be really late if we keep silence and allow the corrupt to play their dirty games. I think Baba Ramdev has chosen 3rd June for starting his protest as because its an historical date on which Nehru, Mountbatten & Jinnah agreed to divide India on religious lines. The time has come again to fight for the cause of India and keep it united by chants of Vande Mataram. I sincerely believe that we Indians deserve much better government so that our future generations can live with pride in developed India.

Beyond Band of Brothers The War Memoirs of Major Dick Winters

Retired US Army Major Richard â€Å"Dick† Winters’ quiet life as a civilian ended in 1992 with the release of historian Stephen Ambrose’s best-selling book titled Band of Brothers, which tells of hishis comrades’ experience serving during the World War II . The limelight on Winters increased a hundredfold when famed Hollywood director Steven Spielberg and veteran actor Tom Hanks teamed up to bring his story to tens of millions in the highly acclaimed, award-winning HBO miniseries Band of Brothers. This mass exposure transformed Winters and his companions into cultural icons for generations far removed from World War II.In his autobiographical book titled Beyond the Band of Brothers, Major Richard â€Å"Dick† Winters speaks candidly about his life during the war with Company E, 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division, which he commanded from Normandy to Berchtesgaden. He tells the E-Company story in his own words and shares lessons about leadership in life and death in the crucible of war. Lastly, he pays tribute to the men with whom he served his country and those who lost there lives in the battles of the Second World War. Virtually all this material is being released for the first time.This paper is divided in three sections. The first section summarizes how Winters ended up in a military career and his life with the Easy Company. The second section explains the leadership lessons that Winters gleaned from leading a band of men to survive in the bloodiest conflict of the 20th century. The Beginnings of a War Hero Fresh out of college, Dick Winters entered the United States Army on August 25, 1941 as a private to complete his one-year military service. After finishing boot camp, he stayed behind at Camp Croft, SC to assist in training newly enlisted soldiers.Any thoughts that he harbored about getting out of the army after just one year vanished with the bombing of Pearl Harbor in December 1945. After the P earl Harbor bombing, Winters contemplated about becoming an officer. Hence, when one of his commanders asked if he was interested in attending OCS (Officers Cadets School), he grabbed the chance immediately. It is while at OCS when he met and became friends with Lewis Nixon and Harry Welsh. After cadet school, Winters was assigned to the newly formed 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment (PIR).Friction rose between Winters and the company commander Herbert Sobel. Nevertheless, Winters attributes a large part of E-Company’s success to Sobel’s training. The Easy Company When Lieutenant Meehan, Sobel's successor, was killed during the D-Day invasion in Normandy, Dick Winters became the company's new commander. He parachuted into France and assumed leadership of the Band of Brothers and was regarded as â€Å"the best combat leader in World War II† by his men. The Easy Company suffered 150% casualties while liberating Europe—an unparalleled record of bravery under fire.Winters led them through the Battle of the Bulge and into Germany, where and at a time each member was wounded. They liberated an S. S. death camp from the horrors of the Holocaust and captured Berchtesgaden, Hitler’s Alpine retreat haven. Even though it was Winters who was greatly recognized and rewarded for his actions on the battlefield, he never failed to thank or forget the men who served under him. Furthermore, Winters showed remarkable compassion and concern for his men's well being, so much that it sometimes overrode his rank's duty.In Haguenau, a second patrol was ordered over the Rhine to catch more German prisoners. Survival was next to impossible. Winters told the men that where supposed to go on the patrol to get a good nights rest. After his discharge from the U. S. Army, Major Richard Winters returned to civilian life. He worked for a while for the family firm of his wartime friend Louis Nixon. Following a brief tour of duty during the Korean War, he retu rned to Pennsylvania and embarked on a successful business career, raised a family, and lived the quiet life he had promised himself after his first day in combat.Though out this book you will find three common themes the first is what he calls the â€Å"Leadership at the Point of the Bayonet Ten Principals of Success† , which he summarizes in the last section of the book. The second is the fact that he is very humble about he success, he is very much aware that the men contributed a lot to Easy Companies success as he did, and lastly he gives credit to the men who served under him and helped make Easy Company one of the best companies on the 506th. ConclusionWinters reveals the Easy Company's story in a rich, refreshing, and more personal way than how it has been depicted in its famous HBO miniseries. From the stationing of companies in Toccoa, GA in July 1942 until its deactivation in November 1945, Winters takes us every step of Easy Company's journey, and also includes hi s comrades’ untold stories. This book also has value as a tool on leadership. It was Winters ten principals on leadership that help Easy Company grow as a company and helped Winters rise thought the ranks.It is not a mystery why these men have become the embodiment of millions of American servicemen who marched off to war as ordinary men but achieved extraordinary things. References Alexander, Larry (2005). Biggest brother: the life of Major Dick Winters, the man who led the band of brothers. New York: NAL Caliber. Anderson, Christopher (2004). Dick Winters: Reflections on the band of brothers, D-Day and leadership. American History Magazine: August Issue http://www. historynet. com/magazines/american_history/3029766. html

Assess the importance of International arbitration in international Essay

Assess the importance of International arbitration in international business - Essay Example The decisions of these arbitration tribunals are always binding and final, and it is important to note that in international arbitration of disputes, the parties are allowed to modify the terms of the dispute resolution in line with their needs. The question that then rises is how international arbitration works in international businesses. In most international business agreements, there are dispute resolution clauses that state how all disputes within the agreement can be referred to for arbitration and includes such modalities such as the language of the arbitration and the governing law of contract. Other agreements pertaining to international arbitration may also have a mandatory requirement foe a pre-arbitration mediation and whether the international arbitration will be ad hoc or institutional, the mode of selection of the arbitrators, limitations and whether there is the right of appeal from the arbitration award. International arbitration as used in the solution of internati onal commercial disputes is often a viable method but has a few disadvantages in challenging and enforcement of the award owing to the great influence of local courts in the states. The conventions that govern international arbitrations such as the New York Convention amongst others do not help the situation, as they are mostly silent on challenging and enforcement of awards (Kronke 2010, p.255). This causes hurdles in enforcement of awards that parties may refuse due to arguments based on sovereignty and public policy. International Arbitration in International Businesses It is important to note that arbitration is always adjudicative, binding and consensual in nature (Mann and Roberts 2013, p.60). Adjudicative nature of arbitration infers that the arbitrator must not have a conflict of interest in the matter at hand and must not communicate to any party in the dispute independently. The arbitrator must also treat all the parties to the dispute fairly and equally as well as permit the parties to respond to each other’s case judicially and adhere to the agreement between the parties and the scope of their mandate. The arbitration must be binding in the sense that the courts are able to transform an arbitrator’s award into a valid judgment that is executionable unless an adjudicative principle has been breached, there is a public policy ground not to do so or there is a pending appeal. It should also be consensual in that only parties who have agreed to participate in the arbitration are bound by the arbitrator’s award and third parties cannot be affected, while the agreement to arbitrate must show the location, language and the governing law as well as the rules of arbitration. The arbitration agreement can be in a series of clauses in the commercial agreement between the parties concerned even before a dispute arises, or an agreement as to the scope, rules and other matters such as the presentation of documentary or oral evidence. Interna tional arbitration in international businesses is important as they help in the resolution of businesses across borders or businesses situated in multiple jurisdictions. The degree of risk that is posed on businesses operating internationally require that businesses adopt

An Experiential Anthropology Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

An Experiential Anthropology - Dissertation Example Cultural anthropology or socio-cultural anthropology is the study of culture (Delaney, 2004). Cultural anthropology centers on ethnography, which refers to either the methodology or the product of research i.e. a book or monograph. Ethnography is largely inductive, relying on participant observation. Under cultural anthropology lies the ethnology technique that focuses on the systematic comparison of various cultures. Ethnography utilizes the process of participant-observation. Cultural anthropology focuses on the study of kinship and covers other areas such as political and economic organization, conflict resolution and law, consumption patterns, technology, material culture, infrastructure, ethnicity, gender relations, religion, myth, socialization, values, etiquette, language, festivals, recreation, and sports among others. Biological or physical anthropology, on the other hand, refers to anthropological research centered on the examination of human and non-human primates within t heir evolutionary, demographic, and biological dimensions. In essence, biological anthropology examines the social and biological influencers of the evolution of mankind and primates which create, sustain, or alter physiological and genetic variations. Biological anthropology involves the study of primatology, which involves the examination of non-humans within their geographical environments to learn about the abilities and behavioral patterns of primates (Delaney, 2004). Biological anthropology also involves the study of human biology, which involves examining human diversity, non-cultural adaptations with regard to environmental elements, and genetic inheritance patterns. Archaeological anthropology refers to the examination of human records by examining its artifacts. This study involves the examination of material remains of human beings to discover how people lived. For instance, pieces of artifacts like tools and pottery provide evidence of cultural and social lives of past s ocieties. Archaeological anthropologists are typically detectives who uncover evidence through excavating, dating and analyzing material remains of past societies. This means archaeologists have a deep comprehension of the expansion of human civilizations and societies by analyzing human ancestors. Linguistic anthropology or anthropological linguistics aims at understanding the development of human communication, language variations through space and time, verbal and non-verbal communication, social functions of language, and the link between culture and language. Linguistic anthropology links linguistic analysis and methods to the interpretation of sociocultural processes. In order to do this, linguistic anthropologists draw on fields such as cognitive linguistics, discourse analysis, sociolinguistics, semiotics, narrative analysis, and pragmatics.  

Work in a Team and Self-managed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Work in a Team and Self-managed - Essay Example Group members play many roles within a group. First, are the tasks or functional roles. These roles see the project sail through the initial stages up to the action. These include numerous roles such as initiator role that a member proposes original ideas to approach a problem. Information seeker and giver is a role that involves seeking expert information about the issue and providing information to the team. Coordinator role that includes putting together ideas and showing their relationship to make them cohesive. The recorder role involves acting as a secretary to the team. Secondly are the social or maintenance roles. These roles positively create cohesion among the team members. Examples of these roles include harmonizer role that involves uniting the members in cases of differences. The energizer role involves supporting and praising members to create a positive attitude in them, the observer role that includes giving feedback of the team progress.

Is global warming due to human actions and can human race take actions Research Paper

Is global warming due to human actions and can human race take actions to stop global warming - Research Paper Example Facts and discussion presented in this paper are meant to illuminate the reality of the claim that â€Å"agricultural and industrial revolution, land-use change, and an increase in greenhouse gas concentrations are all such human actions which have raised global warming rate and acts like recycling, energy conservation, and tree plantation can help reduce this.† (Drallos, 2009) lays stress on the fact that human activity has played a significant role in exponentially increasing the rate of global warming owing to the increased burning of fossil fuels and industrial emissions which increases the CO2 gas concentration in the atmosphere and this plays a direct role in increasing the Earth’s temperature. Actually, the human population has been increasing so tremendously over the past many years that there seems no apparent end to the ongoing use of land, energy, and fossils, thus environmental scientists tend to be at loss of applying any useful strategy for controlling thi s dramatic and urgent environmental emergency.

Waste Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Waste - Assignment Example ghts the environmental effects caused by extensive use of plastic bags, possible proposed plans of eliminating their use and economic impacts of implementing these plans as well as the financial aspect. Plastic bags pose dangers to animals. Notably, this occurs when plastic bags find their ways into their feeding areas, and mistake them for food especially when residues are present in the bag. Death results in the event of swallowing (Hope, 1998). Secondly, extensive use of these bags causes litter problems, thereby reducing aesthetic value of our environment (Hester and Harrison, 2002). In conclusion, retailers give carryout plastic bags to buyers at no cost. However, they purchase plastic bags at a particular cost spending much more than the cost of operation. Implementation of my proposed plans ensures that retailers save the collected fees to buy a unit of plastic bag than that of paper (Cheremisinoff,

INFORMATION SYSTEMS PROPOSAL Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

INFORMATION SYSTEMS PROPOSAL - Assignment Example This helps to ensure that orders from customers are hence met in due period, and that the shareholders and the suppliers are settled and hence can make their payments by following proper procedures. Hence, the transaction-processing arena has now grown and become a very important aspect of better commercial management. The term enterprise resource planning also summarised as ERP, is that process or aspect which tries to merge all of a firm’s departments, objectives and the various functions, into one existing computer system. This also services every department’s requirements by virtue of being specific. It merges by bringing together persons, software and the crucial hardware, into an effective service and an efficient delivery and production system. This hence generates profit for the firm (Peter, 1992). Even though this idea has the ease to be explained theoretically, its truth has been of a varied nature. Most firms do conglomerate varied systems and processes for meeting their own requirements. Office automation system does refer to the different machinery of a computer and its software that is utilised to make, make a collection, store, carry out manipulation of data, and finally convey office information required for the purpose of finishing tasks and objectives that are of a basic nature (Peter, 1992). For example, storing data in raw form, transferring electronically, and the prior managing of e-commerce information, does constitute the activities that relates to office automation system The term management information systems, is a set of commands and procedures that carries out the function of collecting, processing, storing and conveying the vital information to the support part of decision making and the control system. Mostly, information systems do appear to be of a formal nature that is only involved in playing the integral task in firms. Although these systems are

Week 9 assignment paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week 9 assignment paper - Essay Example The public image of the company is paramount in keeping its customers and retaining its value. People arrive at the decision to purchase goods and services based on personal values. If the company projects the image consistent with public values, then sales may be expected to go up, as well as revenues and profits. This leads to a more valuable company through increased ROI for investors. However, companies negatively perceived are shunned and sales suffer. One need only look at Nike and Gap when news broke out that they outsourced products from child labor and sweat shops in Asia (Thottam, 2005). St. Jude Medical, my organization, is perceived as a reliable provider of quality medical goods, with a solid reputation in corporate responsibility. An organization with a high employee retention rate keeps its trained and skilled workers for a long time. The organization gains the benefit of their long-term experience and expertise, and avoids the cost of having to train new employees frequently. A high turnover rate reduces profitability because of the time new hires go through their learning curves, and the disruptions in the production schedule because of vacancies. Besides, one must â€Å"employ the market† to best serve the market (RBC, 2012). At SJM, employee turnover rate is low, and retention high. Of course, positive news breaks about the company are always welcome, and in the case of negative news, SJM, a Fortune 500 company, has its crisis management team to pre-empt the worst effects. The key to the crisis management plan is prompt, transparent communication with the public. SJM does not rely on PR or window dressing. Instead, its 16,000 engaged employees worldwide become the company’s spokesmen and uphold its brand name, by their own testimony and endorsement. Finally, SJM counters bad news by its good quality products. Yes, D&I practices at SJM develop a sense of community. The organization

The Importance of English Language in India Essay Example for Free

The Importance of English Language in India Essay These regional languages differ from each other so much that it is not possible to communicate with people of other regions without a common language. Further, India is trying to maintain a good foreign policy. For all this, there is need of a common language i. e. , English. It is this language which is understood almost all over the region in addition to national language of Hindi, all schools and colleges teach English and mostly have it as a medium of instruction. 4 In today’s world, we have to get knowledge of advanced technologies and all kinds of branches of Science. There is an urgent need of such a common language which can be understood by youth all over India and the language in which all data and information is available. It is English only which can be rightly selected as the language to be studied by all of us from the very primary level. This language is a store house of social and political knowledge. Hence, study of English language is of great importance for a developing country like India. 190 English is a language having 300an international status and can provide the best medium to interact with outside world. In all international seminars or summits, all speeches or course material is in English. If India is to utilize these opportunities, and expand its universal view point, then English is the only language which should be learnt by all of us. 251 Further, a nation can remain intact only when its leaders can understand the people living in different regions and can communicate with them in effective and cordial manner. All leaders cannot understand more than ten to fifteen languages of various regions, however, they can easily understand the common language English. This language is important to inspire unity not only at the national level but at the international level. 317 Today, USA and other countries have made tremendous progress in the field of science and technology. In space technology, we are no match to them. The world is making progress in these fields at a terrific speed. To increase and encourage more research work in Science and Technology, we have to study all these subjects in detail. And for this the importance of English cannot be denied. 383 Every nation must develop and encourage its own language. However, in India we have diversity in languages and it is not possible for many years ahead to have a common language like Hindi. Under such circumstances, we cannot wait for long; otherwise we will be left far behind. As such, till such time one language is developed, we must learn and teach English from the beginning itself. Some subject like Science, Mathematics and technology books must be taught in English only. We now know that we have not been able to prosper like other countries of the world due to keeping ourselves away from English. It is this language which can uplift us not only within our own country but throughout the world. 506

Fundamentals of Mice Management Essay Example for Free

Fundamentals of Mice Management Essay National Community Leadership Institute: The first trip was to the National Community Leadership Institute (NACLI), which is located at 70 South Buona Vista Road, Singapore 118176. Its location, situated in the midst of Kent Ridge Park, is fairly close to the Haw Par Villa MRT station, and some distance away from Buona Vista MRT station and Harbourfront station. However, there is only one bus stop with only one bus service near it. This makes the place relatively inaccessible as one may not know where to take the bus from. One would have to take a bus from either Harbourfront or Buona Vista station, and change to another bus to get there and if he or she is not familiar with the place, it would the journey much more difficult for them. Moreover, Haw Par Villa MRT station is still situated quite a distance away from NACLI itself, making it hard for people to actually get there. Barring that, NACLI would still be reachable by people all over Singapore as there are 3 MRT lines serving nearby with several bus services available, though travelling time would be rather long. NACLI provides its clients with a variety of facilities to be used for various purposes. There are training rooms, together with a conference room, available, which can hold up till either 25 or 50-60 people. There are facilities such as an auditorium and a learning lounge, several gazebos, a multi-purpose hall, a dining hall and numerous accommodation facilities available for their clients’ use. The auditorium can hold up to 300 people. Its accommodation facilities are divided into 5 categories, which can hold as little as 2 people to as much as 7 people for overnight stays. There is lso an activity hub and an obstacle course area whereby clients can make use of for more physical activities. With so many facilities available, NACLI is a good place for holding training seminars and corporate events such as meetings as they would be able to meet their clients’ needs when organizing such events. The auditorium and training rooms would suffice for companies to hold their t raining workshops in, and NACLI would even provide courses such as teambuilding for its clients. Thus, its facilities can be considered to be quite good as they cater to a lot of the clients’ needs. However, NACLI may be lacking in terms of food, since it has only one dining hall without much food choices. Clients would have to engage catering if they want more choices for their meals, as there are no nearby food outlets available. The unique selling point of NACLI would include the lush greenery that surrounds the institute. It would provide an extremely conducive environment for events to be held at, what with its soothing effect on people. Green events can be easily conducted as it would fit very much into the theme of the event. Moreover, with accommodations available at cheap rates, events can be held without a hitch. Training courses are also available, which would make NACLI an attractive event space for corporate companies to hold their workshops and training seminars in as they would not have to look for their own trainers from external companies. Some of the events held at NACLI would include the following: Community LEAD Champion Awards 2009, an award ceremony to recognize outstanding grassroots leaders; Law for Community Leaders Programme 2011, a programme aimed to equip grassroots leader with basic law knowledge; PAYM Service Learning Festival 2009. Other events include the GMC (Grace Methodist Church) Youth Alpha Weekend Camp, induction programmes for new community leaders and various talks. SUNTEC CITY CONVENTION CENTRE: The second trip was to Suntec City Convention Centre, where we attended a talk about Suntec Singapore’s experience as an events company. Suntec City, situated at 1 Raffles Boulevard Singapore 039593, is conveniently located next to the Central Business District (CBD) and a mere 20 minutes’ ride from Singapore’s one and only international airport, Changi Airport. Suntec City Convention Centre is also very accessible via public transport. Several MRT stations, namely City Hall, Esplanade and Promenade, are serving nearby. A bus stop just right in front of the Convention Centre also has numerous bus services serving it. The Convention Centre is also accessible via 2 expressways, namely the East Coast Expressway (ECP) and Central Expressway (CTE). Thus, with so many ways in which one can use to travel to Suntec City Convention Centre, the place can be considered to be very accessible. Its relatively close distance to the airport would allow foreign guests travelling from overseas to be able to get to the event as soon as they arrive in Singapore. People from all over Singapore would able to access easily due to the large number of roads and transport available. Moreover, there are numerous hotels nearby, such as the Pan Pacific Singapore, Swissotel the Stamford and the Ritz-Carlton Millennia Singapore. This would allow easy access for all foreign guests staying over in Singapore for the various events that could be held in Suntec City Convention Centre. Therefore, it can be said that Suntec City Convention Centre, being in a prime location, is very accessible, even for foreign guests. Suntec City Convention Centre has one of the finest facilities for MICE events. With a convention hall that can fit up to 10,000 people in theatre style seating and an exhibition hall that is of over 12000 square metres, many events can held concurrently by partitioning the halls. This would allow the organizer to be able meet their many needs for the type of space that they need for the event. The Convention Centre has over 31 meeting rooms, which can accommodate 10 to over 400 people, which would allow any amount of guests to hold their corporate meetings in them. There is also a theatre which can hold up to 596 people, and a ballroom which can hold up to 1800 people, and is also divisible. With so many facilities available, Suntec City Convention Centre is a good place for holding exhibitions and corporate events such as meetings as they would be able to meet their clients’ needs when organizing such events. The numerous meeting rooms of various sizes, convention hall and theatre would suffice for companies to hold their corporate meetings in, while the ballrooms can be used for other unctions. The exhibition and convention hall would also allow many both and foreign companies to set up booths during events for showcasing themselves. Thus, its facilities can be considered to be quite good as they are able to cater to a lot of their clients’ needs. Visitors need not worry about their meals either, as there is an in-house catering service available, and in the event of where the visitors do not want the service, there are numerous restaurants and eateries available in the Convention Centre. The unique selling point of Suntec City Convention Centre would be its location and services. Situated in a superb location, event organisers would look to Suntec Singapore for event space as it can be accessed easily, as mentioned above. Moreover, various services such as catering and delivery are also available for the use by event organisers. For example, Ta-Q-Bin, a well-known delivery company, has an office just for them and several lorries on standby for emergency use, situated right in Suntec City Convention Centre itself. Event organisers would have no worries even if something were to go wrong – Suntec Singapore will have a Plan B just for them. Some of the events held at Suntec City Convention Centre would include the following: the Youth Olympic Games 2010; WTO Ministerial Conference of 1994; the World Economic Forums East Asia Economic Summit, which has been held there several times; IT Show; NATAS Travel Fair; the International Food Festival, the World Down Syndrome Congress, Anime Festival Asia; the 61st Annual Meetings of the Boards of Governors of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group. Singapore Expo: The Singapore Expo is located at 1 Expo Drive, #02-10 Singapore 486150, and it is only a few minutes’ drive from Changi International Airport, therefore allowing foreign visitors to be able to visit as soon as they arrive in Singapore. Located in the east of Singapore, Singapore Expo has its own MRT station, the Expo MRT station, serving it, together with several bus stops that only has a very small number of bus services stopping there. major expressways link the Expo to the rest of Singapore, allowing many people to be able to access it relatively easily, and they are the East Coast Parkway (ECP), Pan Island Expressway (PIE). Tampines Expressway (TPE). Visitors can also drive there as there are 2,200 car park lots reserved for them. 2 hotels are situated only a mere 15 minutes’ drive away from the Expo, and they are Crowne Plaza Changi Airport and Grand Mercure Roxy Singapore, allowing foreign visitors to be able to visit it easily from their accommoda tions. Thus, it can be said that the Singapore Expo is relatively accessible, as visitors in the CBD certainly have many ways in which they can use to visit the Expo. However, that being said, the Expo is not situated in a prime location, and while it has many transport services serving it, it may still be inconvenient for some to travel there due to its proximity from the city centre. Moreover, local visitors staying the other side of Singapore may find it a hassle to travel to it. The Singapore Expo has facilities that are made especially for holding MICE events in. With 10 exhibition halls of 10,000 square metres, exhibitors and various organisers would have no problems holding their events at the Expo. 6 of them, which are the indoor halls, also have a meeting room on the second level that can be used as the organiser’s office or even a VIP room. There is also the MAX Pavilion which is equipped with a top-end sound system, allowing it to be used for large scale events such as concerts. With state-of-art lightings and video systems, the theatre style seating allows up to over 7000 people at one go. The V-rooms also allows for events such as board meetings, conferences (break-out sessions), in-hall meetings to be held in it. A new convention centre, the MAX Aria, would also be opening this year, and it promises to bring organising such MICE events to new heights with its new 32 additional meeting spaces. Thus, with such facilities, organisers would be able to find the suitable space for their events to be held in. As the Expo is built for MICE purposes, organisers would find that most of their event needs would easily be met if they were to be held at the Expo. There are numerous halls to choose from with various rooms available for use. The option of having either an indoor or outdoor event leaves space for the organisers to be able to manipulate and plan their event the way they want it to be. Its proximity to business parks also makes it easier for companies to hold their corporate meetings in it, and with over 2200 car park lots, visitors would be able to drive there as well, or their own convenience. The new convention centre that is to be opened this year would also allow events to be held at a totally new space, and with it being an eco-friendly event space, organisers who are concerned about being environmentally friendly would be assured that they would be able to hold their events in an eco-friendly space. Moreover, with over 14 eateries and restaurants, visitors would be spoilt for choice when it’s time for their meals. The unique selling point of Singapore Expo would be its large event space that is accompanied with facilities that event organisers may need. As it was built for MICE purposes, event organisers would be drawn to it as they can find everything they would need for organising an event. Its proximity to areas such as the airport and the large car park available would also attract event organisers since there would be less worry for traffic congestion and foreign guests arriving in Singapore would find travelling to the Expo an easy feat due to its proximity. With the new eco-friendly convention centre slated to be opened this year, more event organisers would be attracted especially if they are holding green events. Some of the events held at Singapore Expo would include the following: Food ;amp; Hotel Asia 2010; International Furniture Fair 2010; Asia Pacific Maritime 2010; SITEX 2010; Natas Travel Fair 2010; National Library Book Sale 2010. Suitable events to be held would include corporate events such as meetings, talks, seminars, exhibits. Marina Bay Sands: Marina Bay Sands (MBS) has its own convention centre, the Sands Expo and Convention Centre and is located at 10 Bayfront Avenue, Singapore 018956, is a mere 4 minutes’ walk from Marina Bay MRT station and 10 minutes away from Promenade MRT station. Its nearest MRT station, Bayfront, is situated a few minutes away too. There are 2 bus stops serving it, with several bus services from around Singapore. Aside from such public transport, other modes are also readily available for all guests. One would be the water taxi which one could hop on from Clarke Quay, Boat Quay and Merlion Park, and the HiPPO River Cruise Water Taxi, from any kiosks. A 20 minute drive away from Singapore Changi International Airport, there is also an airport shuttle bus where foreign guests flying in could take to arrive at MBS. It is also only a couple of minutes’ drive away central areas such as Orchard Road. Therefore, it can be said that while there are modes of transport available for guests to take to arrive at MBS, they are certainly not easy to find. For example, although there are several bus services serving it, they are not extensive enough to reach out to most of Singapore. Most of them serve mainly the city area. Many guests would either have to drive there or take a taxi instead, unless they are staying at the MBS hotel. However, with services such as the airport shuttle bus and various other transport services provided by external organisations as such the Singapore Airlines Hop-On bus and international coaches. Thus, it is still relatively accessible. Marina Bay Sands’ MICE facilities, spanning over 120,000 square metres with over 5 levels of it, are able to accommodate up to 45,000 delegates, 2,000 exhibition booths, with over 250 meeting rooms and its ballroom is considered to be Southeast Asia’s largest. It can also hold up to 6,000 guests for banquet style seating, 7,000 people in stage style seating or even an astounding 11,000 people in theatre style seating. A VIP lounge is also available for use for VIP guests. Thus, with such a huge space for MICE events, organisers would not have a problem with event space. There is also a large kitchen of 2833 square metres which serves over 100 menus appealing to most tastes and preferences, thus guests would have no qualms about the food. Its facilities are also of reputable quality since it is operated by Las Vegas MICE business pioneer, Las Vegas Sands Corp. Awards won by MBS would include â€Å"Best of the Best Top 5: from Robb Report China in October 2010, â€Å"Asias Best MICE Hotel† and 2nd place for â€Å"Asias Best Convention and Exhibition Centre† from CEI Asia Industry Awards 2011. Therefore, with such assurance, organisers would be able to hold successful events in MBS. MBS had also confirmed more than 1100 events in its first year of operations. With a nearby hotel, guests can easily access the event location easily. Services such as valet parking are also available for all guests, and shopping can also be done at the Shoppes, which offers over 300 stores and food outlets. With dining choices ranging from quick eats to fine dining, guests would have no problems with their meal choices at MBS. The unique selling point of MBS would be its facilities and support services. With over 5 levels of MICE space, event organisers would be spoilt for choices when it comes to selecting the best event space for them due to the flexibility of space at MBS. Coupled with stunning architecture and its good location, MBS would certainly be attractive to event organisers. The numerous support services, such as the shopping amenities and food and beverage outlets, would allow guests to enjoy themselves while they are here for the event. Event organisers would not need to worry about providing entertainment for the guests if needed. With everything under one roof, ranging from accommodations to event spaces, event organisers would be attracted to MBS, and thus, this makes it MBS’ unique selling point. Some of the events held at MBS would include the following: Cruise Shipping Asia 2011; 20th World Orchid Conference; ITB Asia 2011; Art Stage Singapore 2011; Pavilion of Art ;amp; Design 2011 (PAD Singapore 2011); Chem Asia International Expo 2010;  Offshore Asia 2011. Suitable events to be held would include corporate events such as meetings, talks, seminars, exhibits. Resorts World Sentosa: Resorts World Sentosa (RWS) is located off the southern coast of Singapore, at 39 Artillery Avenue, Singapore 099958. In a strategic location, Changi International Airport is just a 25 minutes’ drive away from RWS. Foreign guests could hire a taxi from the airport and arrive at the resort in less than half an hour’s time. It is also located just 10 minutes away from the CBD, and a mere 15 minutes away from Orchard Road. Guests can easily travel to Sentosa through the tram service that is located at the top floor of Vivo City. Guests who had travelled to Singapore through cruises or ferries can also access the resort easily as the Singapore Cruise Centre is just located opposite of Sentosa, situated at the basement of Harbourfront shopping mall. Public transport is also readily available. Buses do go into the island, and guests can also take a stroll along the bridge. The Harbourfront MRT station is located below the Harbourfront shopping mall. Thus, it can be said the RWS is relative accessible. However, despite the modes of transport available, it can still be difficult to access RWS since it is still located off Singapore. RWS’s own convention centre, Resorts World Convention Centre, has a variety of facilities available for MICE events. The Compass Ballroom is the region’s largest column-less ballroom with over 6,000 square metres of column-less. It is able to hold more than 6,500 people in theatre-style seating and with retractable walls, the ballroom can be divided into 3 for more event space. There are 30 function rooms available amounting to over of 3,300 square metres. The Coliseum, located outdoors, gives guests a view of the gorgeous pool of Hard Rock Hotel and a space for unconfined events to be held at. Various support amenities such as business and media centres, luxurious VIP rooms, built-in audio visual facilities are available for the use for event organizers. When holding an event at RWS, all the organisers’ needs would be promptly met with such facilities available. The column-less ballroom would allow all guests, no matter where they are in the ballroom, a clear view of the event happenings. Moreover, with such unobstructed space, numerous exhibition booths can be set up without problems. There are 6 hotels of different themes which would be sufficient to meet foreign guests’ expectations for accommodations when they visit Singapore to attend an event. With over 60 food and beverage outlets ranging from casual to fine dining, and over 45 retail outlets including Coach and Victoria’s Secret, guests have no problems filling their time between events and when it comes to their meals. The unique selling point of RWS’s Convention Centre would be the column-less ballroom. There are not many places in Singapore which have such large event space that is column-less. Thus, it provides a strong selling point for RWS in order to attract event organisers. Moreover, although RWS is not a fully-fledged MICE events space, the facilities are certainly sufficient for most of the organisers’ needs to be met. There are many support services such as the various hotels available as accommodation and the Universal Studios Singapore theme park that would be able to attract event organisers due to the entertainment available for attendees. Some of the events held at RWS would include the following: Asian Attractions Expo 2011; 11th World Chinese Entrepreneurs Convention; Asia’s Ultimate Mixed Martial Arts Fighting Championship 2011; South Asian Diaspora Convention 2011 Opening Ceremony; Intellectual Property Office of Singapore 10th Anniversary Event.

An Overview Of Wildlife Tourism

An Overview Of Wildlife Tourism It may be high volume mass tourism or low volume and low impact tourism. It may generate high economic returns or low economic returns, be sustainable or unsustainable, domestic or international, and based on day visits or longer stays (Roe et al., 1997). Wildlife tourism includes activities such as bird watching, whale watching, reef diving, gorilla tourism and photographic safari. Wildlife tourism can include interaction with animals in captivity but for the purposes of this paper the narrower definition of wildlife tourism as denoting only human contact with animals in the wild is used. Wildlife tourism is a holiday with a difference. A wildlife tourism holiday offers a different experience for each traveller on each occasion, as the major component of the holiday, the wildlife, is unpredictable. Tourists often feel that they, and they alone, have experienced a particular aspect of an animals behaviour. Wildlife tourism often involves not only seeing rare or exciting animals in their natural habitat, but visiting areas that are difficult to travel to and hence not visited by many tourists. This perceived exclusivity adds to the appeal of wildlife tourism. In the a study reported in the Times, three of the top five Things to Do Before You Die involved an aspect of wildlife tourism (swim with dolphins, whale watching and swim with sharks respectively). For many participants a wildlife holiday will be remembered for many years to come as a holiday with a difference. Trends in Consumer Behaviour that are Catered for by Wildlife Tourism Public interest in conservation and environmental matters is growing. 85% of industrialised world citizens believe that the environment is the most important public issue (Carson and Moulden, 1991). This socio-cultural trend has led to an increase in the demand for ecotourism. Ecotourism is nature-based tourism that involves ecologically sustainable management of natural areas and an interaction with or observance of either flora or fauna. This is precisely what wildlife tourism provides. There has also been a trend towards experiential tourism; that is active, rather than passive travel. People increasingly want to feel that they are participating in and influencing the area they travel to. Wildlife tourism caters for this trend in that tourists often feed or otherwise interact with the wildlife they visit. The major world tourism markets, Europe and North America, are affected by an increase in the proportion of older people in the population. In addition, changes in working practises have meant that people have more flexibility to get longer periods of time off work. The days when gap years were restricted to students are gone. More mature people than before are taking sabbaticals from work or travelling after retirement. Wildlife tourism caters well for these grown up gappers as a longer time frame will allow remote geographical areas to be accessed and increase the chances of a successful wildlife encounter. Management Issues Facing Wildlife Tourism The management issues facing wildlife tourism are twofold, identifying methods of minimising the impact on the wildlife resource itself and ensuring that the tourists receive a valuable experience from the holiday. Sometimes these two aims are mutually exclusive. There are many direct impacts of wildlife tourism on wildlife. They can be divided into categories such as habitat destruction, disturbance of feeding and disease transmission. Each of these categories will now be illustrated with an example. Tourism can contribute to the destruction of wildlife habitat. In the Norfolk Broads, UK, large volumes of boat traffic, especially motor boats, result in considerable boat wash and river bank erosion and undermine on-going efforts to improve the Broads severely impaired water quality and threatened aquatic wildlife (Brouwer et al, 2001). The consequences of erosion can lead to important habitats being lost and the silt from the disappearing banks clogging up the waterways, which further deteriorates water quality. In the Yacatan Peninsula, Mexico, boatloads of tourists were driven into groups of feeding flamingos to make them take flight (Long, 1991, cited in Chin, Moore, Wallington Dowling, 2000). This type of disturbance during feeding can have several effects depending on the magnitude of the disruption. Some birds may take flight temporarily, but return after the disturbance ends. Other birds may modify their feeding habits and desert the site of tourism disturbance permanently. When a bird is unexpectedly forced to take flight during feeding, energy intake terminates and energy expenditure significantly increases. Where disturbance causes a bird to desert a particular site, the availability of suitable alternative sites is critical for the birds survival. Furthermore, the site in which it settles may already be populated or may be of lower quality resulting in lower rates of energy intake. The possible transmission of diseases from humans to animals is a serious threat resulting from the close contact between species that many wildlife tourism experiences involve. It is though that the mountain gorillas of Rwanda are particularly affected. Humans and gorillas share about 97% of their genetic makeup and they are therefore susceptible to many of the same diseases. These include tuberculosis, influenza, measles, polio and intestinal parasites (Cameron). The single population of 300 mountain gorillas in the Virunga Volcanoes is particularly badly affected. More than seventy tourists and a similar number of guides, porters, rangers and researchers visit seventy percent of the gorillas in this population daily. There have been several outbreaks of disease that can probably be attributed to humans. This includes an epidemic in 1988 in which six habituated gorillas died of respiratory illness and twenty-seven more became ill. Methods of managing these and other negative effects on wildlife caused by wildlife tourism include restricting the number of tours allowed, education and finally licensing, and thereby controlling, the activities of tour groups. The most popular example of restricting the number of tours allowed is that of the Galapagos Islands in Ecuador, which were protected in 1934. In the Galapagos Islands parts of the islands are designated as Intensive Visitor Zones, where a maximum of ninety people are allowed simultaneously on shore. The Extensive Visitor Zones are open to groups of less than twelve individuals (de Groot, 1983). Education of operators and tourists about appropriate behaviour to adopt in the presence of wildlife is another method of managing the negative impacts of wildlife tourism on the animals involved. A code of conduct can be distributed to tour operators and publicly displayed in the local area. Tourist education can develop a demand-lead requirement for responsible tour groups. Licensing of tour companies is a method of minimising the impact of wildlife tourism. Licensing is often dependent on compliance with particular regulations, such as minimum approach distances. Many whale watching regulations specify a minimum approach distance of 100m (Brouwer et al, 2001). The choice of type of management depends on the nature of the target species and the severity of the impacts on them. An analysis of the impacts of the specific wildlife tourism would be required before a management method was selected. As well as managing the needs of the wildlife by minimising wildlife tourisms impact on them, tourism managers, of course, need to consider the needs of the tourists. Tourists want a wildlife watching experience that is both enjoyable and informative. The skills and knowledge of tour operators add to the experience of wildlife tourists and so should be maximised. Wildlife tourism is inherently seasonal. Most species act differently according to the season. The best example of this is migration. The Great Migration is the movement of over a million wildebeest between the Masai Mara and the Serengeti plains. There are numerous wildlife tourism opportunities presented by this, but there are of course dependent on the timing of the migration. The migration usually occurs May to June, but this can be affected by rainfall, which in turn affect availability of vegetation. Wildlife tourism management involves understanding the environmental influences on species behaviour and how this will affect tourism opportunities. Wildlife tourists also want to get close up to the wildlife (Orams, 2000). Managers of wildlife tourism need to attempt to ensure predictable occurrence of species within a relatively restricted area. Managers of wildlife tourism need to carefully integrate visitors and wildlife through management of their interactions whilst still ensuring damage to the species is limited. Managers of wildlife tourism also need to ensure that there are other activities to keep tourists amused for times when wildlife does not co-operate with tour schedules. There needs to be an awareness of either other geographical locations that can be utilised to view the same wildlife or other species that can be more easily located. Back to: Essay Examples Conclusion Wildlife tourism offers a holiday with a difference. It caters for emerging tourism trends, particularly ecotourism, experiential tourism and longer duration holidays. There are two main management issues facing wildlife tourism. These are minimising the impact of tourism on the species involved and ensuring that wildlife tourists receive a quality experience. The particular management strategies that can be utilised depend upon the species involved and the severity of the impacts upon that species. Bibliography Akama, J. (1996). Western environmental values and nature-based tourism in Kenya, Tourism Management, 17, (8), p567-574. An overview of apes in Africa Gorilla Taxonomy. 2000. http://www.berggorilla.de/english/gjournal/texte/21butyn.html (25 Mar. 2005) Boo, E. (1990). Ecotourism: the potentials and pitfalls. Washington D.C: World Wildlife Fund. Brouwer, R, Turner R.K Voisey, H. (2001) Public perception of overcrowding and management alternatives in a multi-purpose open access resource Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 9, (6), p471-488. Caalders, J van de Duim, R. (2002). Biodiversity and tourism: impacts and interventions, Annals of Tourism Research, 29, (3), p743-761. Cameron, K. Providing healthcare to a wild gorilla population The Mountain Gorilla Veterinary Project. http://www.azadocents.org/The_Mountain_Gorilla_Veterinary_Project.pdf (27 Mar. 2005) Carson, P Moulden, J. (1991). Green is Gold: Business Talking to Business About the Environmental Revolution, Toronto, Harperbusiness. Chin, C et al. (2000). Ecotourism in Bako National Park, Borneo: visitors perspectives on environmental impacts and their management, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 8, (1), p20-35. Curry, B et al. (2001). Modelling impacts of wildlife tourism on animal communities: a case study from Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 9, (6), p514-529. de Groot, R.S. (1983). Tourism and conservation in the Galapagos Islands. Biological Conservation 26, p291-300. Gorillas are my patients BBC Science. 2002. http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/science/gorilla.shtml (27 Mar. 2005) Ingham, R and Summers, D. (2000). Cruise ship tourism in the Falkland Islands UK Overseas Territories Conservation Forum. http://www.ukotcf.org/pdf/calpe/calpe106-124.pdf (25 Mar. 2005) MaLellan, L. (1999). An examination of wildlife tourism as a sustainable form of tourism development in North West Scotland, International Journal of Tourism Research, 5, p375-287. Mathieson, A Wall, G. (1992). Tourism: economic, physical and social impacts. Harlow: Longman. Murphy, P. (1991). Tourism: a community approach. New York and London: Routledge. Orams, M. (2002). Feeding wildlife as a tourism attraction: a review of issues and impacts, Tourism Management, 23, p281-293. Orams, M. (1999). Marine tourism: developments, impacts and management. New York and London: Routledge. Priskin, J. (2001). Assessment of natural resources for nature-based tourism: the case of the Central Coast Region of Western Australia, Tourism Management, 22, p637-648. Reynolds, P Braithwaite, D. (2001). Towards a conceptual framework for wildlife tourism, Tourism Management, 22, p31-42. Shackley, M. (1995). The future of gorilla tourism in Rwanda, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 3, (2) p61-73 Shackley, M. (1996). Wildlife Tourism. London: International Thompson Business Press. UK background factsheet The Orangutan Foundation. http://www.orangutan.org.uk/history/ (10 Mar. 2005)

Starbucks Coffee Shop Essay -- Starbucks Coffee Business Essays

Starbucks Coffee Shop When you walk in a Starbucks coffee shop the amazing aroma of coffee beans being brewed creates a smell so wonderful you can almost taste your favorite coffee or espresso drink; even before you have the drink in your hand. The sound of steaming milk and blenders full of Frapachinoes echoes through the air. Five people in green aprons wearing black or white collared shirts working swiftly, to ensure the quickest best service as possible. The two Baristas at the cash registers would call out the drinks to the two people at the bar. One employee doing odd jobs call expediting. A tall, slender dark haired man wearing a black suit possibly Armoni or Gucci, carrying a briefcase approaches register one. A trendy mom with a 5 year old wearing black capri pants, white blouse, and designer sunglasses orders Grande, non-fat, extra hot, one equal late at register two. The floor is so clean you could even eat off of it. The jazzy interior screams to be that of an Italian cafà ©. This appeared to be an ideal environment to sit and enjoy your beverage and possibly a pastr...

Cubans Racist Attitudes Towards Blacks :: Race Racial Cuba African Cubans essays

Cubans' Racist Attitudes Towards Blacks Racism played different roles before, and throughout the the Spanish American War when Cuba finally became an independent state. Theories argue that there was very little racism in Cuba, that racism was brought by the Americans; Aline Helg begged to differ in her book, Our Rightful Share, and so will the following argument. When slavery was abolished in 1886 discrimination against blacks did not disappear. Helg argues: Cuban society remained divided along racial lines, when a child was born the first thing they had to state at registration was his or her skin color.? (Helg 25) Many places in Cuba simply refused to serve Afro-Cubans. On the other hand they now received wages for their hard work and certainly did enjoy some independence. Remarkably the Afro-Cubans maintained their pride. Even though they needed to accomplish more than whites in order to be rewarded, the Afro-Cubans did not sit still. Many leaders arose from the African descendants who shared their voices with the rest of Cuba. They created newspapers, La Igualdad, that joined the Liberation forces to ascend themselves, etc. The white Cuban society had a different view of these advancements; society feared that they would rebel like the Haitians, their solution was to repress more and more. Not physically, but as time went by there were less places for Afro-Cubans to inter-mix with the white society. Cubans launched the war for independence on February 24th of 1895. Each region rebelled independently: Matanzas, Camaguey, Oriente all rebelled by the end of 1895. This war of independence brought whites and blacks together. In general, the war against Spain brought men of completely different social backgrounds together. Blacks and whites, poor and rich joined forces to free Cuba. The Liberation army was an integrated body in the sense that there were no distinct black or white battalions. Some claimed that it was color-blind.?(Helg 59) The United States was interested in attaining Cuba for economic purposes and eventually they did. This created chaos between Cuban elites/whites and Americans. Americans brought back the Cubans that had been in exile in .America to rule the country. Their policies discriminated against the Afro-Cubans. In a way all Cubans were discriminated against by the Americans. ?After 1898, Cubans were affected not only by the socioeconomic and political impact of the US occupation but also by the racist contempt many North Americans felt for all Cubans, whether black or not. Cubans' Racist Attitudes Towards Blacks :: Race Racial Cuba African Cubans essays Cubans' Racist Attitudes Towards Blacks Racism played different roles before, and throughout the the Spanish American War when Cuba finally became an independent state. Theories argue that there was very little racism in Cuba, that racism was brought by the Americans; Aline Helg begged to differ in her book, Our Rightful Share, and so will the following argument. When slavery was abolished in 1886 discrimination against blacks did not disappear. Helg argues: Cuban society remained divided along racial lines, when a child was born the first thing they had to state at registration was his or her skin color.? (Helg 25) Many places in Cuba simply refused to serve Afro-Cubans. On the other hand they now received wages for their hard work and certainly did enjoy some independence. Remarkably the Afro-Cubans maintained their pride. Even though they needed to accomplish more than whites in order to be rewarded, the Afro-Cubans did not sit still. Many leaders arose from the African descendants who shared their voices with the rest of Cuba. They created newspapers, La Igualdad, that joined the Liberation forces to ascend themselves, etc. The white Cuban society had a different view of these advancements; society feared that they would rebel like the Haitians, their solution was to repress more and more. Not physically, but as time went by there were less places for Afro-Cubans to inter-mix with the white society. Cubans launched the war for independence on February 24th of 1895. Each region rebelled independently: Matanzas, Camaguey, Oriente all rebelled by the end of 1895. This war of independence brought whites and blacks together. In general, the war against Spain brought men of completely different social backgrounds together. Blacks and whites, poor and rich joined forces to free Cuba. The Liberation army was an integrated body in the sense that there were no distinct black or white battalions. Some claimed that it was color-blind.?(Helg 59) The United States was interested in attaining Cuba for economic purposes and eventually they did. This created chaos between Cuban elites/whites and Americans. Americans brought back the Cubans that had been in exile in .America to rule the country. Their policies discriminated against the Afro-Cubans. In a way all Cubans were discriminated against by the Americans. ?After 1898, Cubans were affected not only by the socioeconomic and political impact of the US occupation but also by the racist contempt many North Americans felt for all Cubans, whether black or not.

Sundowing And Alzheimers Disease Essay -- Alzheimers Disease Essays

SUNDOWNING AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE Sundowning, or sundown syndrome are terms that have been used for over 20 years to describe the reversal of day and night which often occurs in Alzheimer's and other dementing illnesses. (2) Those who are impacted are often called Sundowners and they act as if their biological clocks have reversed their day and night cycles. Some are able to function on little sleep throughout their 24-hour day cycle. Some individuals stay up all night and will then continually doze off during the day. This alteration in the sleep-wake cycle is not necessarily permanent and they may revert to earlier patterns of sleep, or may sleep for increasing periods of time. (1) Those suffering from acute or chronic confusion increasingly become highly agitated, confused, suspicious, active and restless, combative and disoriented late in the day, especially after dark. (2,3) They may see, hear and believe things that are not real. Patients become more impulsive and respond to their own ideas of reality, often in ways that can that get them in trouble. The confusion is often worse after a move or change in routine and can happen in any setting, whether they are living at home or in a facility. The behavior may be totally out of character for the person. And, the change is drastic. You may see them in the morning and the person seems mentally competent and alert. The same individual may not recognize you or other family members, seem lethargic, become easily agitated, confused, or disoriented late in the afternoon or evening. (1) There is currently no conclusive evidence about the reasons for these changes in the sleep-wake cycle. (2) However, in the online articles "Sundowning and Sleeping" and "The Sundown Syndrome" there are some theories identified about the cause. 1) The decreasing levels of light may be disorienting. The lower light provides fewer clues as to the person's surroundings and shadows may be frightening. 2) The person may feel they are supposed to "go home" around this time. 3) The person may be fatigu... ...dence regarding the reasons for these changes, some theories have been identified about the cause. This syndrome can be exhausting for the caregiver. Some measures have been identified that may lessen the effects. It is important to realize with sundown syndrome, as in any behavior related to Alzheimer's Disease, that the person does not have control over their behavior and that it is a result of the brain tryng to sort out a confusing environment. REFERENCES 1. Alzheimers.com. Sundown Syndrome and the Elderly. Alzheimers.com feature story. [On-Line] Avaialble: http://www.alzheimers.com/L3TABLES/L3T-428.HTM. 2. Crystal, H. (1998). Sundowning and Sleeping. Northern Virginia Chapter of Alzheimer's Association. [On-Line]. Available: http://www.alz-nova.org/sundown.htm. 3. Davis, M. (1997). Light in the Darkess. Perspectives Magazine. [On-line]. Available: http://www.siu.edu/worda/persp/sp97/alz.html. 4. Nitram, R. (1997). The Sundown Syndrome. The Arizona Daily Star Online. Availabnle: http://www.azstarnet.com/~rnitram/sundown.html

Comparison of Gilgamesh and Odysseus Essay

In the realm of epic poetry, heroes go off and accomplish great things, while dealing with deities and mortal beings alike. This is no different in Homer’s The Odyssey or The Epic of Gilgamesh. In The Odyssey, the tale is recounted of the great warrior Odysseus trying to return home to his wife after fighting a great war. In The Epic of Gilgamesh, it is told of how a demigod, Gilgamesh, faced retribution for poor leadership and manages to redeem himself. However, with all the similarities and conventions of epic poetry, there are also many differences, such as character traits and the nature of obstacles faced by the heroes as well. Even though Odysseus and Gilgamesh possess great importance to the realities in which they exist, Gilgamesh’s impact on his reality is much more negative than Odysseus’s. One of the most important similarities that Odysseus and Gilgamesh have is that they both serve as connections between the Gods and the mortals. Gilgamesh is born of a god and is the ruler of the people of Uruk. Odysseus invoked the wrath of the Gods because of his cruel treatment of the Cyclops, Poseidon‘s son. No matter what the specific circumstance, Odysseus’s and Gilgamesh’s epic statuses make them critical singularities, representative of the Gods to the people, and representative of humans to the Gods. This gives them a divine impact on the realms in which they exist, making them very influential people Aside from this major similarity between Odysseus and Gilgamesh, the two also have much more in common. They both are great warriors, and the results of them defeating certain people greatly affect their worlds. Odysseus’s killing of the Cyclops, for example was able to make a god such as Poseidon take action, and Gilgamesh killing the bull of heaven sent to kill him by the Gods for mistakes he made in the past. Despite their many similarities, Odysseus and Gilgamesh have many differences as well. Odysseus seems to be presented as more of a cunning tactician while Gilgamesh relies more on brute force.

Why Do We Need Management?

Why do we need Management? Melisa Honeycutt Vista College Why do we need Management? A business is an ongoing activity that will not run itself. As the manager, you will have to set goals, determine how to reach those goals and make all the necessary decisions. You will have to purchase or make your product, price it, advertise it and sell it. You will have to keep records, and determine costs. You will have to control inventory, make the right buying decisions and keep costs down.You will have to hire, train and motivate employees now or as you grow. ( Soni 2010) When a company has good management, the whole company does well. A good manager will be a great buffer for the owner and his employees. He/she will also coordinate most of the day-to-day business. Now we will look at what is the purpose of management, I find that there are five primary functions. * Staffing: You must be good at seeing raw talent and knowing when the company will need more employees. Planning: You need to be able to see the big as well as the small picture. * Organizing:You need great focus, most of the time you will need to be in many places and doing many jobs at once. It is a balancing act. * Leading: You will need to be a leader that can motivate people and get people to work together. * Controlling: You will need to monitor the business to make sure it stays on track. To me the world would look much like my home, if my husband and I left and put no one in charge.It would be complete and utter chaos; no one would know where things are and who did what. I see a manager as a babysitter of sorts and managing a business will be a lot like running my home and family. Does juggling ever come to mind when you think of running your own business? It does mine! References Soni, J. (2010). Why do we need Management? [yahoo answers]. Retrieved from answers. yahoo. com What are the Primary Functions of Management? (2012, November). In Blurtit. Retrieved from QuickBase. Intuit,com website: blurt it. com

Frankenstein and Bladerunner Table

IdeaFrankensteinContextBladerunnerContext Doppelganger, defining qualities of humans and monsters†¢Doppelgangers confront †¢Ambiguity of narrative: M not real unless F story verified > connection between the two (Gothic) †¢Quest for knowledge, revenge, masculinity, eloquence, love of nature: M: â€Å"The very winds whispered in soothing accents, and maternal nature bade me weep no more† and F: â€Å"my spirits were elevated by the enchanting appearance of nature† †¢Humanity vs. ambition †¢Solidarity vs. connection Blurring between the two – creativity, logic, beauty, abhorrence †¢Abomination as human > moral dilemma. Isolated, Laconian figure during monologue evokes pity. Rhetorical questions â€Å"Why should I pity man more than he pities me? Shall I respect man when he condemns me? † †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"the sun shone upon me as upon man†Ã¢â‚¬ ¢City vs. Country, industrial revolution †¢Gothicism – nature, horror, monsters within society †¢Science overthrowing God – still human? †¢Doppelgangers confront †¢Knowledge vs. instinct †¢Group vs. isolated genius †¢Deckard ‘becomes’ a replicant Replicants positioned as logical, responsive , intuitive, beautiful: Z: vitality; L: revenge, fear, brutality; P: Roy’s kiss, positioning of tongue, immature, instinctive, honest kiss with R in front of S; R: instinct, reason, curiosity, humour, understanding and acceptance †¢Z: public place: mash of culture with their hats on, no connection except murder and death †¢L: D’s doppelganger? R (empathy and connection to D) shoots him †¢P: death of abandoned toy: materialism killed her: laughing doll †¢R: renewal, baptism, dove, blue light sky, lasting connection to D†¢Impersonal information society †¢Migration – different cultures > globalisation Contraception†¢ Responsibility of creator and ethical responsibilitie s of scientists†¢F vs. M †¢Tacit deal – F made M so he is responsible for him †¢M = empathy, F = selfishness, ambition †¢V: greatest good for greatest number †¢Progress needs to be tempered by human empathy †¢Pride and ambition lead to suffering †¢Usurpation of God contradicts responders beliefs and highlight ethical breach â€Å"I should have been your Adam, but I am the fallen angel [Lucifer]† †¢F pleads for a mate. Foucaulian shift: M more human â€Å"You must create a mate for me†¦ I demand it as a right to which you must concede† > â€Å"You are my creator but I am you master – obey! †¢empiricism and modernism †¢scientific development and industrial revolution – no questioning of morals – pantheism †¢well received because of hierarchical society – F tells all levels to â€Å"seek happiness in tranquillity and avoid ambition† – confirmation of values†¢ Tyrell vs. Roy †¢Created seeks out creator – dopplegangers †¢Created more perfect than creator †¢Created still dependant though independent of creator †¢Ethereal vs. physical/ sensual †¢Creations ‘more human than human’ †¢Science and progress at detriment of humanity †¢Impersonal and personal connections Tyrell objectifies replicants: â€Å"she is an experiment, nothing more,† â€Å"you are the prodigal son†Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Consumerism †¢Globalisation – transnationalism †¢Capitalism †¢Loss of identity through loss of culture †¢Mass migration †¢Technology as a part of life Criticism of genius†¢Ã¢â‚¬Ëœgenius’ > pride, ambition > downfall †¢Genius removes you from human connection > God complex †¢Progress must not give way to indulgence †¢M. objectified in the quest for scientific advancement †¢Superficiality of society and lack of concern for human suffering †Å"If you could precipitate me into one of those ice- rifts†¦ you would not call it murder. †¢F’s creation and pride is corruption of God’s work (storm) †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"the cup of life was poisoned forever, and although the sun shone upon me, as upon the happy and gay of heart, he saw around him noting but a dense and frightful darkness† †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"as the dazzling light vanished, the oak had disappeared, and nothing remained but a blasted stump†¦ entirely reduced to thin ribbons of wood† foreshadowing †¢Destruction of innocence and family – Elizabeth, Clerval, William†¢Scientists, philosophers and historians elevated to great levels of importance †¢Reactionaries to change †¢Man creating own destiny – Reformation Effects of industrial revolution – science at the cost of humanity – grave robbers †¢Setting: distinction between nature and human society, the sublime, Romanticism – Byron a nd Percy (criticism – applies both F and M to nature), comfort, science lab and university. †¢Questions pantheism and ‘casual’ science, galvanism†¢Being removed from being human > holding yourself above others > detriment †¢Instinct and logic is greater than intellect (more human) †¢Overcrowded, paradoxical city, C’s inhospitable lab, T’s Godlike palace, S’s dilapidated and pathetic home†¢Impersonal corporatism, mass media †¢Migration – take over of minority groups Archetypical evil genius – society moe used to impersonal figures of power The agony of isolation and the Outsider†¢Progress – isolation †¢Don’t take human connection for granted †¢Destruction of Bride: M’s last hope of connection destroyed (setting) lose hope †¢Humanity vs. M †¢M vs. F†¢Shelley affair > socially shunned †¢Prejudice when revealed she was author (young, 19yo woman)â⠂¬ ¢Genius > isolation †¢Knowledge = power †¢Safety in numbers†¢Tough military life, searching for stability, wanting what’s impossible †¢Impersonal corporate worlds

Origins of World War II Essay

After the end of the First World War, the statesmen of all the major countries felt that such alarming war must anyhow be averted in order to ensure international peace, security and safety. This is why the League of Nations was set up and it was believed that such a ‘multinational’ organization would be able to peacefully settle all international disputes and guarantee peace and security in the international sphere. However, the success or failure of the League actually depended upon the attitude and activity of its members, particularly the Big Powers. But, unfortunately, soon it was found that the major Powers were at cross purposes. They adopted their foreign policy in their own interest and showed little respect to the principles underlying the League of Nations. Particularly, the dream of three allies – Germany, Japan and Italy was fundamentally different from the ideals of the Western Powers and Soviet Russia. The Trio (Germany, Japan and Italy) intended to have some share in the Afro-Asian areas which had already been divided among the Western Powers. Thus, it was really a conflict between two policies – â€Å"status quo† and â€Å"New Order†. Flouting the League The first shock to League of Nations was given by Japan. In 1931 Japan violated the League Covenant and the Kellogg Pact by occupying the Chinese territory of Manchuria and setting up a puppet state there. China appealed to the League which condemned this act of aggression and appointed a commission under Lord Litton to report. But the fulmination of the League had no effect on Japan who, when the commission’s report went against her, withdrew from the League in 1933. The defection of Japan was a serious blow to the League. But worse was to come when Germany had begun secretly rearm to arm as soon as Hitler came into power. But after the failure of the Disarmament Conference, Hitler came into the open. In 1935, he repudiated those clauses of the Treaty of Versailles which had imposed limitations on her armed strength, and reintroduced conscription. In the next year he denounced the Locarno Treaty and re-occupied and refortified those zones of the Rhineland, which had been demilitarized by the Treaty of Versailles. The Great Powers were at cross purposes and so nothing was done to resist Hitler’s insolent violation of the treaty obligations. Italy under Mussolini pursued an imperial policy and in 1935 made an unprovoked attack upon Abyssinia, a member of the League. The emperor of Abyssinia, Haile Selassie, appealed to the League against the act of wanton aggression. The League declared Italy to be the aggressor and recommended the application of economic sanctions. The Italian campaign was short, swift and brutal. After some resistance Haile Selassie fled abroad and his capital Addis Ababa was occupied by Italian troops. The King of Italy was proclaimed Emperor of Abyssinia. Italy withdrew from the League of Nations in 1936. Foreign Policies and International Relations When Hitler came to power he was pledge to recover for Germany the position of power and importance which she had held before the First World War. He envisaged the formation of a ‘Third Reich’ or empire which would include all Germans in a new or greater German state. This involved the ultimate absorption of Germans in a new or greater German state. This involved the ultimate absorption of German-populated regions of Austria, Czechoslovakia and Poland. The dictated treated treaty which Germany had been forced to accept stood in the way of realizing his ambition. Hence Hitler was determined to tear away the Treaty of Versailles which had imposed humiliating restrictions upon Germany, and to make her a power to reckon with. His first significant step in this direction was to withdraw from the Disarmament Conference and to announce a program of conscription. Next he left the League of Nations and openly flouted it by occupying the demilitarized Rhineland. England, France tamely acquiesced in this violation of treaty obligation and so Hitler was encouraged to take larger risks. The Phony War-the events of Europe especially the civil war associated with Spain prove beyond doubt that the shadow of Fascism was falling across Europe, long before the actual outbreak of World War II. The Spanish civil war which broke out in 1936 was an event of utmost importance. It has been aptly called the ‘Little World War’ because it involved all other powers. The Spanish civil war was a prelude to World War II. In Spain, Italy and Germany is defiance of the principal ‘Collective Security’ undermined a democratic government and Britain and France demonstrated a complete callousness which resulted in the victory of Fascism in Spain. The outcome of Spanish Civil War foreshadowed that, in future, Fascisms might apply the same tactics on a bigger scale. The smoldering discontent against monarchy forced Alfonzo XIII of Spain to leave the country in April 1931. Immediately afterwards President Zamora declared Spain to be republic. In Spain the extreme republicans started anti-clerical riots and centrifugal tendencies demonstrated themselves in the attempt to establish autonomy in Catalonia and certain other provinces. The election of the Constitutional Assembly on June 28, 1931, showed a definite landslide for republicanism and in the Cortes the socialists with 117 seats became the largest single group. Spain adopted a radical republican constitution based on German, Soviet and Mexican model with a president and a cabinet responsible to the Cortes. The Church was deprived of its hold over education and civil liberties were guaranteed. Expropriation of the large landed estates proceeded apace. Most of these reforms were carried out by the radical minister Manuel Asana. In the election of 1933 the Asana government fell the Cortes was dominated by a moderate coalition ministry which did not enforce the laws against landed estates and church. Premier Lerroux tried to establish a pro-Fascist government and suppressed the radical opposition. President Zamora now dissolved the Cortes and ordered fresh election in 1936. In the election of February, 1936, the popular Front parties composed to republicans’ socialists and communists secured 258 seats and the right parties 215. Asana became the president and Santiago Cascaras Quiroga became the Premier. The government had to face immediate opposition from unruly groups like Spanish Phalanx and the Army. The attempt of the Government to steer a middle course failed to quell disturbances and the Fascists after careful preparation staged a military revolt on June 18. Military revolts took place in a number of garrison towns in Spain and Spanish Morocco. During the Spanish imbroglio Hitler had learnt all he needed about the weakness of the victors of Versailles. He had found that this intervention in Spain had not met with any resistance from the powers and so he was emboldened to embark upon a policy of naked aggression. He turned his attention to Austria whose union with Germany had been expressly prohibitive by the treaty of Versailles. He encouraged Nazi agitation within Austria, bullied the Austrian chancellor into appointing a Nazi minister and forced him to agree to conduct foreign affairs as Germany’s dictator. Germany and Italy were naturally interested in installing a Fascist power in Spain. The Salazar government of Portugal saw in the radical republic the germs of Bolshevik state and activity aided and abetted in its downfall. Italy and Germany saw in the rise of a Fascist Spain great advantage to their cause. Ideologically the adherence of Spain would help the spread of Fascism and materially it would weaken France increase the possibility of exploiting Spanish mines and raw materials in a future war against democracies and strengthen the hold of Italy in the Western Mediterranean. The Labor opposition strongly urged help to Government legally constituted. But Stanley Baldwin and even Churchill, who opposed the Nazi aggression on every other issue, felt that nothing could be done for helping the Republicans. The behavior of the French government during this period was an enigma to the rest of the world. The Republic was in dire need of more arms but contrary to all expectations the French Popular Front government prohibited all export of arms to Spain on July 25, 1936. This was a violation of an earlier agreement whereby France had undertaken to supply arms to Spain. The British government was steering a middle course. It was unwilling to alienate Italy whose friendship was earnestly sought for as a counterpoise to Nazi Germany. When Blum suggested the formation of a Committee of Non-Intervention it was welcomed. This committee was formed in August 1936, with twenty seven nations. The purpose of the committee was to enforce the agreement reached among powers to hold a ring around Spanish Civil War so that others might not be involved in it and to prevent any military aid on either side. The Fascists power had no intention of letting down Franco and while Britain and France meticulously applied the principle of non-intervention to prohibit export arms to Spain, the rebels received planes, munitions and men from Germany, Italy and Portugal. Thus while the legitimate government of Spain was deprived of all aids from outside and ran short of the sinews of war, in the name of non-intervention, the rebels secured active foreign aid. The League Council passed a resolution in May 1936, and directed all other states not to intervene in the Spanish Civil war. The Fascist powers were now free to act as they liked Spain. Men and arms poured to the rebels while the legitimate government suffered from lack of supply due to the intervention of the Committee of Non-intervention. The dubious role of the Non-Intervention Committee merely provided a shield for Fascist aggression in Spain. Italy and Germany were allowed to strike another blow at the democracies. Next in 1938 he poured troops into Austria and incorporated it in Nazi empire. Till now Italy had been the most effective protector of Austria, but she was now busy with her own acts of aggression in Abyssinia and so did not interfere with a fellow aggressor. The ease with which Hitler had annexed Austria whetted his territorial appetite and encouraged him to further acts of aggression (Paul 59). Czechoslovakia an artificial creation of the peace treaties contained a considerable element of German population. Hitler first began a ‘war of nerves’ by a bombardment of accusation, abuse and menaces and then declared that his patience had been exhausted. He peremptorily demanded that Sudetenland which was predominantly inhabited by the Germans should be ceded to the Reich and that he would take it by force it peaceful means failed. At that time, Chamberlain, the British Prime Minister, tried to persuade Hitler to resist himself. Soon the Munich Pact was signed by the Big Powers and they intended to satisfy Hitler by giving him Sudetenland of Czech-Slovakia. As Fleming observes, â€Å"Nations have often being conquered by enemies, but never before a proud and worthy people been bludgeoned into submission by its own allies† (Fleming 56). Thus, Hitler was encouraged to proceed towards Poland and soon the crisis further aggravated. Original of world war II- having taken Memel Hitler began to mature plans for an assault upon Poland. He demanded the Danzig should be incorporated in the German Reich and the Polish Corridor should be ceded to Germany. This was the last straw. Chamberlain gave up his policy of appeasement and announced that in the event of an aggression on Poland, Great Britain would come to the rescue the Polish government. Thus, when Germany attacked Poland, the Second World War broke out, because Britain and France now realized that the policy of appeasement ended in a fiasco (Ray 112). So long, Hitler had intended to neutralize Britain and had signed a non-aggression Pact with Soviet Russia. Naturally, he thought that now he would find little resistance against his plan of occupying the Polish Corridor. In fact, he desired to localize the the Polish war on which he had set his heart. To isolate Poland, Hitler now attempted to win Great Britain. In a message, delivered verbally to the British Ambassador, Sir Neville Henderson, he expressed his desire to solve in his own way the question of Polish Corridor and Danzig, but at the same time, he pledged himself for the continuance of British Empire. He even expressed his readiness to render German assistance, if required, to Britain. On August 28, the British Government proposed direct negotiation for resolving the differences between Poland and Germany. Hitler in reply demanded that Warsaw should send an emissary with full powers to negotiate with German government. The proposal had no chance of being accepted and the British government in reply sent a counter-proposal of a restoration of normal contact. It was presented by Neville Henderson to Foreign Minister Ribbentrop on August 30. On September 1, the German army marched into the Polish territory to execute ‘Case White’. A last-minute effort for peace by Mussolini failed and the Anglo-French Powers declared war on Germany on September 3, 1939. Conclusion Thus, the outbreak of the Second World War was not at all a surprising affair. In fact, the Big Powers pursued different policies in self interest and when their unity was badly needed, they differed with from one another. Soviet Russia alone emphasized on the policy of a united stand, because it believed in the doctrine ‘peace is indivisible’. However, the capitalist countries like Britain and France talked with it for common safety but, in reality, they adopted a half-hearted policy. While France was directly involved in a rivalry with Germany, Britain intended to keep a safe distance. As Winston Churchill, the former British Prime Minister, held â€Å"Clemenceau or Poincare would have left Mr. Baldwin no option† (Churchill 154). In other words, France intended to fight against German militarism, but Chamberlain was not ready to join it. America was outside the league at that time, and hence, it had no responsibility to prevent the Global War. The Spanish Civil War and the weakness of France actually encouraged Hitler to continue his aggressive policy (Fleming, The Origin of the Cold War, 62). Moreover, Italy and Japan were longing for some territorial advantage against the wishes of the Western Powers. In such circumstances, a Global War was the only inevitability.